The Nursing Process - 2192 Words

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) highlight that the care of patients must be a priority and to treat them as individuals. In order to achieve this nurses must use a systematic technique known as the nursing process when planning and delivering care. It originated in the USA and was introduced the UK in the 1970s in an attempt to move nursing away from traditional and task oriented care, to more evidence based and holistic approach to care (Castledine, 2011). It was clearly defined in 1967 when Yura and Walsh published a book called The Nursing Process, which identified 4 strategic stages that nursing care, should follow (Roper at al 2000). These are assessment; planning: intervention and evaluation, each of these stages will†¦show more content†¦Goal setting should be participative or mutual with the patient, as this is more likely to motivate the client to set higher goals, as well as achieve them (Kraus, 2006). Patient participation in goal setting ensures tha t goals are both achievable and realistic for the patient (Roper et al. 2000). They should be clear and specific as this is likely to avoid confusion and misinterpretation by both patients and the whole multidisciplinary team, thus helping continuity of care (Leach, 2008). He further suggests that goals are measurable, as this is necessary in determining whether the clients have achieved or are working towards their goals. Wright (2005) highlights that goals need to be time limited as it gives the client and nurse motivation to succeed, but in doing so it also reveals when further interventions may be needed. The second stage of this process is planning nursing interventions and indicating how these goals will be achieved. These actions need to be based on the best available evidence and in doing so this provides a rationale for the care that is being considered. This stage of the planning process is stipulated by the NMC (2008) who state that care must be delivered based on the bes t available evidence and that nurses are personally accountable for their actions and must be able to justify their decisions. By actively embracing evidence based practice the nurse can justify his or her actions and decisions and improveShow MoreRelatedNursing Process1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe nursing process is described as being an individualised problem solving approach in which patients receive nursing care. The nursing process consists of four distinct phases, each having a discreet role in the process, theses phases of the process are: assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing 2003) It is important that the four stages of the process from assessment to evaluation are carried out sequentially because each phase follows logically fromRead MoreNursing Process1493 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Degree Nursing Program Nursing Process Paper |Maslows Needs and |Assessment: Subjective |Nursing Diagnosis |Outcome Criteria/Goals |Nursing Interventions/ Nursing |Rationale plus |Evaluation/ | |Rationale for Need |Data and Objective Data |(Include the related |(Needs to be |Orders |Reference |Actual Outcome | | |(Designate Which)Read MoreNursing Process1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe nursing process: A help or a hindrance to contemporary nursing practice. Introduction. The nursing process is the core for the nursing care plan and enables one to think like a nurse. It was based on the theory developed by Ida Jean Orlanda in 1950’s where she observed good and bad nursing practices (Faust, 2002). The nursing process is important as it is a systematic problem solving approach which involves the partnership with both the patient and their family. It serves as an important toolRead MoreThe Nursing Process1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nursing Process The nursing process is a very important tool that nurses have in to make sure that they give adequate care to all their patients. It helps them not only evaluate each patients’ needs individually but also allows the nurse to prioritize which patient’s needs are more important to attend to first. Just like doctors have a way of diagnosing patients, nurses also use this process to give their own form of diagnosis. The significance of having the nursing process is to have a setRead MoreNursing Process2373 Words   |  10 PagesNURSING NOTES http://www.nursingnotes.info/ FIVE (5) PHASES OF NURSING CARE (American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice) I. ASSESING – is the systematic and continuous collection, organizing, validation, and documentation of data. PURPOSE: To establish a database about client’s response to health concerns or illness and the ability to manage health care needs. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT: TYPE TIME PERFORMED PURPOSE EXAMPLE Initial Assessment WithinRead MoreNursing Process Paper : Nursing1518 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Process Paper SW is a 65 year old white female who is 5’8† tall and who weighs 155 lbs. Her IBW is 140 lbs. and she has an IBW % of 110.71. She went to emergency department on February 1, 2015 complaining of shortness of breath and coughing since November, 2014. Her medical diagnosis includes multi-drug resistant organism, diabetes, COPD, and lung cancer. Her laboratory result shows that she has an elevated WBC of 17.4 on February 2nd and it increased to a critical level of 32.2 the nextRead MoreEndometriosis: the Nursing Process1096 Words   |  5 PagesENDOMETRIOSIS: THE NURSING PROCESS Abstract This paper will focus the nursing process of endometriosis, including the pathophysiology, etiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, assessments, diagnostic testing, interventions, medications and teaching. Therapy for a client with endometriosis will be individualized depending upon the severity of the disease, however, the basic information will be covered here. Endometriosis: The Nursing Process EndometriosisRead MoreEvaluation Of The Nursing Process1417 Words   |  6 Pages The Nursing Process The nursing process is a scientific process made up of five steps to ensure that quality care is given by the nurse and received by the patient. It requires identifying the most efficient means to generate optimum results. The steps follow each other at the start of the process but may need to act in conjunction with one another in some situations. The steps however do not end with evaluation but begin again. It begins with assessment and including an evaluation of the perceptionsRead MoreThe nursing process Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe standards of practice describe a competent level of nursing care as exhibited by the critical thinking model known as the nursing process. This practice includes the areas of assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing process includes significant actions taken by registered nurses (RN) and forms the foundation of the nurse’s decision-making (â€Å"American Nurses Association,† 2010). Assessment is the accurate collection of comprehensiveRead MoreQuestions On The Nursing Process Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesLevel Objective/Core value: #9 Nursing process Definition: According to the UACCB level 4 grading tool (2016) p. 1; Nursing Process: Initiate, evaluate, and update plan of care used to guide patient care. Incorporate knowledge of population health risks and health promotion strategies. Plan and provide mental health care on the primary, secondary, and tertiary level. Plan and provide physiologic care on the primary, secondary, and tertiary level. The nursing process is â€Å"a systematic problem-solving

Assingment2 Essay - 910 Words

ITC 6000 Class 2 † Assignment 1. List at least four advantages of indexing. Mention some indexing tips that would be of particular help to a database designer. Also, discuss indexing practices that can adversely affect the performance of a database. In your discussion, include information on how a designer should decide on how many indexes to provide per table. Indexes are used to boost performance in a database. Finding an individual record or set of records most efficiently done by Index. Index key is the reference point where an index is an ordered arrangement of keys and pointers. Each key is appointed to the location of the data recognized by the key. For example: when we print out at the NEU library we have given our User ID so†¦show more content†¦Not updated: Look for information that is not subject to change when identifying primary keys. ID numbers instead for Names. Required: If the key is defined within a table, it will never have a null value. Information cant referenced without a Primary key. Value is required by the software. Combination Keys: A primary key can be made from a single field or combination of several fields. It could be made from a combination of student ID number and the time computer use started in a database. For an example: Computer user logs. Identifying foreign keys: Every dependent and category entity in the design must have a foreign key for each relationship in which it participates. Foreign keys are formed in dependent and sub type entities by migrating the entire primary key from the parent or generic entity. If the primary key is composite, it may not be split. Foreign key attributes are not considered to be owned by the entities that they migrate, because they are reflections of attributes in the parent entity. Each attribute in an entity is either owned by that entity or belongs to a foreign key in that entity. 3. Describe at least two examples of common errors in entity relationship modeling. If possible, provide a graphical illustration of the problems and solutions. List some questions the designer should consider before designing the models so that these errors can be avoided. Incomplete data model type. This

Technology Globalization Or Effects Policy-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Technology Globalization Or Effects Policy? Answer: Introducation International trade has been constantly evolving and ultimately results in ambiguity of the future technology and globalization or effects of policy. Additionally, the environment appears to be evolving regularly particularly the landscape in Australia and New Zealand. The interaction is considered to be highly overvalued from the constant and revolutionary effect of the internet in the overseas nations for ascertaining the future rate of economic growth. The substance associated with the same can be explained further in accordance with the competence of the specific data and summarization on the future trends. The evolving trend in the taste and preference of the consumers has not only broken the territorial barriers but has also enhanced the international trade (Siegel, 2016). Furthermore, the megatrends have highlighted the technological aspects with evolving demands followed by policy and modernization have summarized the effect on the yearly growth rate that accompanies the international increase in the percentage change over the years ranging from 1980-2015(Chart 2, pg 11). According to this quantities data, the GDP of Australia has been derived from the World Bank data in 2016 and the scale interval ranges from the lower than 10% to around 25% of export as GDP (Lee Peters, 2015). The data derived is in accordance with the percentage increase through a time series graph transacting with changes in export of international GDP. The data from the chart 2 is generated from the variable export ranging from 1960 to 2015. The data represents quantitative in nature having ration scale. The line graph in the data illustrates the number of percentage irrespective of the probabilities. The data can be improved through proper annexure of changes that could have been highlighted arising from the changes with the help of average mean by making use of standard deviation of GDP growth. The description can be followed with the help of actual data derived from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for Australia stating the top 5 exporters in the interval of 5 years beginning from 1995 (Black, 2016). Ever since the year 1990 Japan has one of the better export market after China. Therefore, it can be predicted that in the later part of years Japan and China would have strong grip on the market. The study can be experimented and subjected to change in terms of the different factors that create an influence in the markets. The data chart 3 is generated from the from Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for Australia from 1995-2015. The data presented is categorical with no probabilities under the nominal scale. Subsequently, the exports are required to be figured due to the rise in the global demand of primary products from the Chinese markets (Rhodes, 2015). The data from the Australian and New Zealand has been undertaken from the Australian Bureau of Statistics from June 2016 which represents the scale in accordance with the value amongst the goods and services. The Australian exports have been illustrated with the help of more goods (75%) however the composition of GDP have represented a constant growth with more percentage of contribution from the services (77%) and the identical composition going to with New Zealand together with the export of NZ $70.9 billion. The doughnut chart states that the populations with the help of subset of export the composition of GDP (Keller, 2016). The future of the trade forms the vital aspect of the lower process in order to have a better composition among the products than services. According to the analysis of the OECD it has been found that an increa se of 10% in trade in the areas of both exports and imports as the proportion of GDP is linked with a 4% increase in the output per working age person. The data chart 5 is derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2016 till the year 2015 for the Internet Service provider. The data is quantitative having ration scale depicting the growth in line chart. In addition to this, the usage of internet in Australia has been constantly rising from the year 2011 until the present date. The data sources obtained from the Bureau of Statistics in the areas of Internet Service Provider Survey with the help of Deloittes computation and the data has the scale of ratio (Jaggia et al., 2016). According to the description of the data the sum of data downloads have been regularly increasing in New Zealand as compare to Australia that has been below 100,000 Tb over the five year span. However, in the present case a probability or of the possibility there are chances of increasing the volume that could have resulted in certainty based on the decisions made. The data for the chart 11 has been derived from article of The evolution of New Zealands trade flows by Zang (2009). The drivers are additionally represented with the help of different factors that have resulted in change over the period of five years particularly in the areas of service based industries reflecting that the digital trends and technology makes into the top charts (Jacobs Chase, 2013). The stacked bar charts have depicted the percentage of the ratio scale measurement in compliance with the survey result collected from the Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand in 2016. The statistical results have been computed by using the frequency distribution with the help of cumulative percentage which can be further illustrated with the help of median and Ogive curve. From the data description it is found that there are more changes in technology, changing taste and preferences and government policy (Anderson et al., 2014). In addition to this, the agricultural sectors and forestry have less than 50% coverage by all the three drivers with more than 70% have been observed from informat ion, media and communication. The data is derived from the chart 12 (Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, 2016). There are large number of drivers of change that demonstrate the with the help of broadly 4 drivers technology stating change in the consumer preference, policies and others. The data is ordinal in nature with percentage of probabilities for each of the change. On arriving at the conclusion it can be stated that both Australia and New Zealand has a robust but efficient position of growing their exports with the help of globalization, policy and changing trends in accordance with the summarized data. Moreover, the statistical tools that might have further benefitted the results are from the experimental group and the usage or normal distribution with probability that additionally reflects the deviation in the responses. The survey obtained acted in the form of key sources of data derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Other sources with latest data in 2016 with statistical inference of quartiles should have been justified on the export of data in order to obtain more clarity in changes. The trends can be guided with the help of identical series of data for appropriate investigations on the changing trends. Reference list: Anderson, D., Sweeney, D., Williams, T. (2014).Modern business statistics with Microsoft Excel. Nelson Education. Black, K. (2016).Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making: For Contemporary Decision Making. Wiley Global Education. Jacobs, R., Chase, R. (2013).Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Jaggia, S., Kelly, A., Beg, A. B. M., Leighton, C., Olaru, D., Salzman, S., Sriananthakumar, S. (2016).Essentials of business statistics: communicating with numbers. McGraw-Hill Education. Keller, G. (2016).Modern Business Statistics. Cengage Learnig. Lee, N., Peters, M. (2015).Business statistics using EXCEL and SPSS. Sage. Rhodes, C. (2015). Business statistics.Economic policy and statistics. Siegel, A. (2016).Practical business statistics. Academic Press.

Management Perspectives Sonic Health Care -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Perspectives Sonic Health Care? Answer: Introduction Managers play a key role in the day-to-today management of diverse activities within an organization in an endeavor to ensure that specific predetermined objectives are attained in a timely fashion. Based on Sonic Health Care Limited, a successful health care provision company, the roles of a manager are critically analyzed in this paper.Risks can be identified and therefore,an organisation should allocate necessary resources to gain a competitive advantage (Kot Dragon, 2015). Financial and market risks arise when planning to invest. Therefore, the challenge here is predicting the potential of the venture before allocating a budget. The manager has a role in employing appropriate staff within or outsourcing experts to identify profitable opportunities and identify possible risks. With respect to operational risks, the manager should insist on organizing systems and procedures in production. As a result, it affects the reputation of the company since customer satisfaction depends on t he quality of products. Scholars in management define risk assessment as an integral process which delves in identifying, analysing, evaluating, monitoring and communicating on risky activities and therefore, enhancing the management to minimize possible losses but maximize profits; the process requires the manager to identify and mitigate risks. Roles of the manager Planning is a crucial role in an organization and involves establishing goals and objectives, as well as the actions that are crucial in attaining such goals. However, Greenley, Hooley and Saunders (2012) observe planning as the function of establishing goals of an organization and identifying resources that are essential in enabling an organization to attain such goals. At Sonic Health Care Limited, the overall manager is responsible for establishing goals for the company such as the level of sales that need to be met in a specific period like one month. In this respect, the manager would need to align resources and actions that satisfy such goals, for instance, deploying human and financial resources in the marketing department to carry out various marketing activities effectively so as to meet the required level of publicity for the health care organization. Organizing Organizing is an integral part of management due to its significant impact in controlling the entire structure of a firm. According to Cho and Mun (2013), organizing denotes the development of the organizational structure as well as the chain of authority in an organization. An example includes assigning specific tasks to certain workers who are considered to be equipped with specified set of skills. For instance, at Sonic Health Care Limited, organizing is carried out by ensuring that employees with procurement skills are assigned the task of procuring various materials that are used in health care. On the other hand, employees with financial and accounting skills are assigned the task of preparing financial statements for internal and external use. Staffing Staffing is an essential part of management; it majorly involves hiring the right employees for specific job positions, developing such employees through various development programs, as well as evaluating their performances and promoting them (Rothaermel, 2013). The research by Vecchiato (2012) indicates that staffing function is crucial since it determines the ability of an organization to meet diverse predetermined objectives. The management at Sonic Health Care Limited ensures that staffing is conducted effectively by hiring candidates with skills set and experiences that are aligned with the short-term and long-term goals of an organization. For instance, the company ensures that employees are hired via online recruitment platforms, which enable the company to obtain the best global talents. Furthermore, the company provides various training programs aimed at improving the skills of workers; this has enabled the company to maintain a competitive edge in the health care sector. Coordinating The function of coordination ensures that the other three functions, including planning, organizing in addition to staffing functionintegrate in harmonious manner so as to achieve the goals of an organization. Pearce and Robinson (2015) opine that coordination is linked to communicating, supervising and directing by a manager in order to ensure that all units of an organization are aligned with the objectives of an organization. Sonic Health Care Limited management coordinate all activities within the company by ensuring that various departments, such as account and finance department and procurement department operate in a harmonious manner. For instance, the goal of meeting specific service delivery targets is ensured by guaranteeing that the efforts of marketing activities are aligned with such a target. Controlling Controlling involves the establishment of the performance standards and evaluating whether the performance of employees meet the specified standards. Goodman and Dingli (2013) opine that controlling is crucial in making sure that a firm does not deviate from its short-term and long-term goals. In case of a deviation, a manager is required to respond in a timely manner by addressing the misalignment between the performance of employees and the established standards. The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedis effective in controlling the activities of the organization; for instance, the management evaluates on a consistent basis the quality of the care provision, and tends to address quality problems on time in case they emerge. Challenges And Risks Managers at Sonic Health Care Limited Have to Address The current world is associated with diverse technological changes, which force organizations to adopt various technologies so as to stay competitive in the market despite being turned down by employees (White, 2013). While technologies enable firms to produce high quality products and services within a shorter period, employees perceive such technologies as a risk to their employment; this is because most of them do not have the technological skills required. There is a need for the managementat any organizationto create an environment that allows the adoption of the required technological changes while also ensuring the job of employees are not threatened. The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedensures that personnel are equipped with specific technological skills, which enable them to operate effectively new technological equipment for the benefit of the company; for instance, the human resource department at Sonic Health Care Limited has been equipped with new skills on how t o conduct online recruitment process. Organizational Conflict Conflict among employees of the same or different levels is one of the problems that impact negatively on the performance of organizations. The interpersonal conflict may arise between employees in the same or different levels of management. On the other hand, inter-group conflict may arise between two different groups. The conflicts may occur in a situation where two or more different persons or groups differ on specific goals or approaches of achieving such goals. It is critical for the management to address the conflict of interest that occurs between the employees and owners of the firm through specific strategies, such as fair compensation and development programs (Rothaermel, 2013). The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedresolves inter-group and personal conflict based on diverse strategies, suchlike fair appraisal for promotional purposes, as well as fair compensation of employees at different levels. Limited Financial Resources The financial resources that are available to an organization are limited despite such an organization having an effective plan on how to attain its pragmatic goals. Cho and Mun (2013) are of the opinion that financial resources are crucial for an organization to achieve its objectives. As such, managers are coerced to look for other sources of finance in case of limited financial resources. The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedis also faced with restricted finances as far as achieving its objectives is concerned. In this regard, the management opts to source capital from other sources, including offering bonds to the market. There are other challenges that are faced by managers in the day-to-day management of an organization, including the changing needs of consumers as well as the ever-changing demand of employees, including a flexible-working environment. The changes in the needs of consumers in the market implies that an organization should respond to such changes, which may lead to disruption of the current planning, and therefore, changes in financial requirements and timelines (Vecchiato, 2012). Sonic Health Care Limitedsenior managers continue to respond to these changes in the ever-changing health care industry in a pragmatic manner. Impact of Values, Ethics and Diversity on the Culture of Sonic Health Care Limited Values act as a guideline in the shaping of the organizational culture through shaping the intent and sense of leadership in the organization. Members of an organization focus their priorities and actions on the values they hold while in the organization (Eccles, Ioannou and Serafeim, 2012). Organizational values must contain distich characteristics that are realistic, unique and clear. Ethics play a critical role in the success of an organization as it affects important cultural aspects of the organization such as employee turnover rate. Furthermore, ethics promote transparency in an organization which in turn build a relationship of trust among the members (Schaubroeck et al., 2012). Transparency in organization nurtures the development of a high productivity culture among the employees contributing to the overall organizational performance. High productivity culture in industries such as healthcare systems can prove beneficial to the development of a good reputation among all stakeholders. Diversity describes the differences that exist among members of an organization such as origin, background, and beliefs. Organizations with a high cultural diversity benefit through increased adaptability amongst the workforce as they can provide solutions to the challenges facing each one of them. These solutions result from the experiences they have undergone or the talents they possess in turn, leading to adaptation to fluctuations in the market and customer preferences. Diversity also promotes the development of a creative culture whereby the employees are free to share their different point of views leading to the generation of ideas (Chen, Liu and Portnoy, 2012). A creative culture is hence, vital for an organization to meet the needs of its market. Role, Behavior and Performance of Managers Managers are central to the survival of an organization because they are directly in charge of making decisions affecting the entire organization. The managers have to specialize to handle specific roles among these: Organizing, planning, directing, controlling, coordinating and staffing (Kirchner et al., 2012). However, in the case of Sonic Health Care Limited, the responsibility of overseeing these roles is left to the head of the company. Managerial Role in Risk Assessment The efficiency in decision-making varies widely with the level of experience of the manager and availability of resources(Antonaciet al., 2014). Risk assessment adopted by Sonic Health Care Limited, provides the company with the necessary tool in forming a foundation for mitigating possible risks in the future. Therefore,a manager should adopt a wide scope in risk assessment before implementing the activities. Approach to Risk Management at Sonic Health Care Limited A manager should be able to differentiate between risks and hazards before implementing risk control policies. Although some people apply these terms interchangeably, they have a vast difference. Firstly, risk involves a possibility while a hazard is a condition. In order to manage a risk.Sonic Health Care Limited adopts three main steps that are identification, assessment, and control which might be applied to control possible harm from an existing hazard. For example, a broken machine is a hazard that can cause harm to the employees, and the manager should follow the appropriate risk management procedures to mitigate possible risk. Challenges that Sonic Health Care Limited face in Risk Management Risk management requires exceptional interpersonal skills, analytical ability, and intensive planning to mitigate the occurrence of a loss (Tudor, 2014). The managers at Sonic Health Care Limited in some instances have to review some processes to gather the information from the employees. In such a situation the manager is required to apply ethics in conducting interviews or presenting questionnaires to the employees. Risk Management and Organizational Change Organizational changes involve variations in the internal and external environment of a company (Tudor, 2014). Internally, a company might be subjected to merger and acquisition which might result in the increased size of the organization. As a result, the role of the manager on risk management changes relatively. The change might lead to introduction into new financial, market and cultural changes. The manager should, therefore, formulate and enhance strategies that facilitate achievement of the organizational goals and objectives (Dagnino, Cinici, 2015).If such happens to Sonic Health Care Limited, the approach will include training employees and conduct motivational programs to improve performance. External factors are beyond the control such as economic crises, political influences, and technological changes. However, the management of Sonic Health Care Limitedshould employ effective planning to remain competitive in the changing care delivery environment. The technological advancement has a raised concern to broaden the responsibilities of the management (Bressler, 2012). As a result, high competition is, therefore, determining the existence or termination of companies. Most organization if not all in the current corporate world are prone to: Financial risks Market risks Operational risks Negative reputation risk Conclusion Managers are in charge of setting the performance metrics which the whole organization is required to adhere to. Such a role is tasked with setting performance goals, implementing them and evaluating their impact to the organization. Evaluation is important in not only gauging the success of the set policies but also provide room for making corrective measures where there are deviations. The conduct of the management has an indirect effect on the overall conduct of the whole organization. Managers are required to behave in a manner that portrays a good impression to the employees. Behavior has a bigger impact to the whole organization as it forms part and parcel of the organizational values. It is worth noting that behavior goes to an extent of affecting organizational culture and influences the internal environment of an organization. References Antonaci, L., Demeke, M., Vezzani, A. (2014).The challenges of managing agricultural price and production risks in sub-Saharan Africa (No. 14-09). ESA Working Paper Bressler, M. S. (2012). How small businesses master the art of competition through superior competitive advantage. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 11, 1. Chen, X. P., Liu, D., Portnoy, R. (2012). A multilevel investigation of motivational cultural intelligence, organizational diversity climate, and cultural sales: evidence from US real estate firms. Journal of applied psychology, 97(1), 93. Cho, T., Mun, H. (2013).From Adam Smith to Michael Porter Evolution of Competitiveness Theory.Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. Dagnino, G. B., Cinici, M. C. (Eds.).(2015). Research methods for strategic management.Routledge. Ding, B., Wermers, R. (2012). Mutual fund performance and governance structure: The role of portfolio managers and boards of directors. Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2012).The impact of a corporate culture of sustainability on corporate behavior and performance (No. W17950). Cambridge, MA, USA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Goodman, M., Dingli, S. (2013).Creativity and strategic innovation management. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Greenley, G., Hooley, G., Saunders, J. (2012). Management Processes in Marketing Planning. European Journal of Marketing, 38(8), 933-955. Kirchner, J. E., Parker, L. E., Bonner, L. M., Fickel, J. J., Yano, E. M., Ritchie, M. J. (2012). Roles of managers, frontline staff and local champions, in implementing quality improvement: stakeholders' perspectives. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 18(1), 63-69. Kot, S., Dragon, P. (2015).Business risk management in international corporations. Procedia Economics and Finance, 27, 102-108. Pearce, J., Robinson, R. (2015).Strategic Management. New York: McGraw- Hill. Rothaermel, F. (2013).Strategic management: concepts cases. New York: McGrIrwin. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal, 55(5), 1053-1078. Tudor, L. (2014, November). Change managementchallenge and opportunity for sustainable development of Romanian companies. In Proceedings of the International Management Conference, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania (Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 466-476). Vecchiato, R., (2012). Strategic foresight: matching environmental uncertainty. Technology Analysis Strategic Management,24(8), 783-796. White, A. (2013). Strategic Management of Intellectual Property.California management review,55(4), 157-183.

Racism In America Essays (1366 words) - Discrimination, Racism

Racism in America To Kill a Mockingbird is a story about bravery and courage in a small town. Racism is present and is the main theme throughout the story. Everyone in Maycomb County is consumed by the hatred and impurities of prejudice, everyone but the main character, Atticus Finch. He was a lawyer in the small Alabama community who helped defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who was accused of raping Mayella Ewell. Atticus goes through some tough times as this trial is going on, as well as his kids, Scout and Jem. They are all called nigger-lovers and such. Harper Lee wrote this particular story with determination and perseverence in mind. She wanted people to realize that racism is real and it does no good at all, only harm. She was well acknowledged for writing the book, To Kill A Mockingbird. It won a number of awards and was then made into a movie which was a box-office smash. To Kill a Mockingbird was a book about realistic issues; such as racism and the troubles and hardships of growing up. ...Everybody jumped on him, beat the hell out of him....Everyone was hitting him or kicking him. One guy was hitting on the side of his face....He was unconscious. He was bleeding. Everyone had blood on their forearms. We ran back up the hill laughing...He should have died....He lost so much blood he turned white. He got what he deserved (Dave 71). The skinheads who performed this act of racial violence in 1990, had no reason to Blair 2 brutally beat their victim other the fact that he was black. Racism is objectively defined as any practice of ethnic discrimination or segregation. Fortunately, racial violence is steadily declining as the turn of the century approaches. Now a new form of racism, covert racism, has recently sprung from the pressures of political correctness. This new form of racism, although slowly declining, still shows signs of strong support (Dietch 6). Covert racism assumes a form of civil disobedience against politically correct thought and speech. Essentially, covert racism is a hidden racism, or a racism not easily detected (Dietch 7). Racism is still strongly prevalent in today's society (Newquist 404). There are three different basic forms of racism: violent racism, open racism, and covert racism. They are similar because they all share the expressed forms of hatred towards distinct ethnic groups. These basic forms of racism, although different in form, all have the same main purpose: to promote racism. Open racism expresses freedom of racial thought and speech. Open racists promote their views through strictly persuasionary tactics. This form of racism is allowed in out society because of the First Amendment. Open racism is currently almost nonexistent and steadily declining, because it is considered politically incorrect and socially unacceptable. Violent racism promotes racism through violence, fear, and persuasionary tactics (Billington 110-111). This form of racism is not protected by the First Amendment because it promotes violence, and therefore these groups are protected by the First Amendment because not enough Blair 3 sufficient evidence exists to prove their violent intent (Billington 111). Covert racism expresses ideas of racism in disguised forms: sometimes the covert racist is not even aware of the fact that he is a racist. Racism, it is asserted, is no longer blatant; people nowadays are reluctant to express openly their dislike of and contempt for minorities, indeed are not prepared to express publicly a sentiment that could be interpreted as a racist (Erisman 127). Racism, it is said, is subtle: it is disguised, kept out of sight. The suggestion that there is a new racism--a racism that has a new strength precisely because it doesn't appear to be racism--deserves serious consideration. Avoiding minorities on the street and denial of a public benefit to a minority which would be awarded to a white are examples of covert racism. Since it is no longer politically correct to openly express one's racist views, people therefore favor disguised, indirect ways to express their bigotry (Cash). Covert racism is the most abundant form of racism in our society today. What causes racism? Unfortunately, the answer is much longer and detailed than the question. The three main causes for racism are: racism has become part of our heritage, right-wing radical and political

Free Essays on Miseducation Of The Negro

â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans.... Free Essays on Miseducation Of The Negro Free Essays on Miseducation Of The Negro â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans....

Public Policing Versus Private Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public Policing Versus Private Security - Essay Example Many countries are working hard towards improving the quality of private security for their citizens. For instance, the United States department of defense contracted with the American Society of Industrial Security International (ASIS) to improve the quality of private security provided. ASIS internationals is an organization that deals with security professionals, providing educational programs, which cater for security interests such as ways to achieve advanced and improved security worldwide (ASIS ). This organization sees the need to improve private security of a country in order to cater for all the security needs of citizens. Despite the public police and private security playing a vital role in protecting the society from crimes, these two organizations vary in many ways. This paper will discuss in length the differences and similarities between their roles and their leadership structures. The Differences and Similarities between the Two Roles Differences The public policeâ⠂¬â„¢s main role is preserving peace, preventing crimes, assisting the crime victims, issuing warrants of arrests, charging, and prosecuting (Swol, 1999, p.34). They can also participate in prosecutions; for instance, in Canada, police are required to carry out the above duties, and therefore responsible for serving and protecting the public. Their powers also include the power to search arrests and detain crime offenders, and lawbreakers (Swol, 1999, p.33). Private security differs from public police in various ways; private security personnel work for specific clients upon hire to protect a person or property. Their duties are determined by a client’s interest; private security protects a client’s property, personnel, and private information of a company from man-made and natural threats (corrections, public safety & policing, 2008, p.6). In addition, the private security firms operate independently; as a result, their trust is earned by the host company (corrections , public safety & policing, 2008, p.6). Another difference is in the time of existence for these two personnel. For instance, in Australia, the existence of private security organization started in the 90s, which has grown since then due to the high demand for private agents (Reynolds, 1996). The public police are more concerned with public security, whilst the private security agents are concerned with the protection of personal and corporate interests. ASIS is a private organization that holds exhibitions, which are driven towards the security of businesses; they have the latest information and solutions that assist worldwide organizations in protecting their personnel, data, and property (ASIS, 2012). Therefore, the private security agencies benefit from, updated mechanisms of promoting security compared to public policing. In addition, private security personnel are normally contacted for a specific duration of time; the contract can be renewed or ended, depending on the clientà ¢â‚¬â„¢s decision. In contrast, the public police serve the public continuously. Similarities In some countries like Canada, private security personnel have the same powers of searching property, arresting, and detaining, as the public police (Swol, 1999, p.34). When transporting money to

Shall We Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shall We Dance - Essay Example People when exposed to the urban life have to strongly adapt the way the life must go in there. However, just like Sugiyama who lives in the suburb, way far beyond the very demanding city life, he must face the reality, and that is to create a balancing act between varying roles and the desired personal achievements. In this paper, the proponent tries to explicate the very point on how a built environment comes into existence on the basis of the movie film â€Å"Shall we dance?† For this reason, the proponent clearly elaborates the need to understand actual daily life’s activities and the places normally that have to be taken into account by the Japanese together with their existing culture in order to fulfill personal achievements and to go on with life. Substantial idea about the community environment, as a component of planning, is integrated in the discussion, prior to considerable understanding of the actual built atmosphere. Japanese people are known for their positive outlook, to make them move forward to ensure hard work with respect to their personal career and development. As a result, they need to face the demanding and challenging environment of the workplace. This is how they would respond to the way they should take everything. Job could have been so stressful for them, and as just what Sugiyama would want to point up in the film. They need to find something that could help them not to be exhausted by the very taxing nature of their work and working lifestyle conditions. As a result, Japanese people need to go around, not in an unproductive manner, but with full of sense just to release the tautness they must have acquired from work. For this reason, there are many places in Japan, especially somewhere in the urban areas where Japanese would call and find them as sakariba, the â€Å"zone of evaporation between work and home† (Hendry,

Internet Sharing of Files, and HIPAA Regulations Research Paper

Internet Sharing of Files, and HIPAA Regulations - Research Paper Example Physicians  have a legal obligation to keep patient information, such as data contained in PACS confidential (Cao, Huang & Zhou, 2003). Legal issues and resolutions surrounding internet sharing of files, HIPAA, and PACS revolve around safeguarding data Privacy and Security. Healthcare institutions bear an obligation of taking appropriate measures to guarantee that patient information is availed to persons who have a professional need. Some of the issues essential to adhering to HIPAA requirements include restricting access, tracking access, protecting data security, confidentiality, and integrity and sustaining data chain-of-control (Lyer, Levin & Shea, 2006). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) standards for privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information avail a comprehensive federal protection for the confidentiality of health information. The Privacy Rule  pursues strong privacy protections that do not interfere with patient’s access to heal thcare. The Act gives patients more control over their health information, outlines boundaries on the application and release of healthcare records, and avails appropriate safeguards that health care providers must attain so as to safeguard the privacy of health information (McWay, 2010). The bedrock of HIPAA Privacy Rule is the protection, use, and disclosure of Protected Health Information (PHI). Under HIPAA, patients have an enhanced awareness of their health information privacy rights. The Security Rule outlines means of protecting patient information  on computer networks, over the internet, disks and other storage media, and extranets. The safeguards pursue protection against dangers for breaches of confidentiality. The Security Rule mandates medical facilities to implement audit controls, so as to record and vet staff  accessing information systems containing PHI (Lyer, Levin & Shea, 2006).

Assessing The Hopes And Fears For Pakistan Politics Essay

Assessing The Hopes And Fears For Pakistan Politics Essay Pakistan has vibrant and diverse society with different cultures live as a federation. We have past and present in front of our eyes, which could help us to predict future and take necessary steps to make it even better. In present International scenario, Pakistan is important country and this status along with several internal problems in particular has created many fears for the country. We have to develop hopes for better future. By analyzing todays fears and tomorrows hopes we can do this. We have to visualize society of the future. Absence of democracy in Pakistan is the biggest problem and internal threat for Pakistan. Pakistan is a federation of different cultures and sects and the only way by which they can participate in countrys affairs is democracy. Dictatorial, autocratic or military regime provokes only irrelevance in public to the national affairs. People begin to feel that, they have no representation and there is no one to raise voice for them. When people are not involved in policy making, they become irrelevant and every step taken by such government regardless of what intension is, they just develops anti government sentiments. This situation in country creates dangerous conflicts between different sects and cultures. Example of this situation is FATA and Baluchistan in particular and allover Pakistan in general. Present regime decided to take part in so-called war on terror after 9/11 bombings. Unconditional cooperation by unelected regime made people angry and bombings in FATA area raised this d isagreement to the point where conflict changed to collision. This war inside Pakistan has widened to settled areas from tribal areas and has compelled people to create law order problem who by no other way can raise their voices. Suicide attacks, bombings and extremism in Pakistan are caused because of war on terror and extreme use of brutal force by own army on its own people. This law and order situation is very dangerous for integrity of Pakistan. It is an understood fact that wherever religious or different sects of same origin came across each other, sectarianism is found in varying forms. Sometime they exist peacefully but sometime they have fierce conflict. This fierce conflict is often called sectarian violence. This situation in Pakistan was not so dangerous until 80s when different cultural and religious sects were made to fight for sustaining dictatorial government. Religious sectarianism was supported by some Arab powers and some other nations also played their role in provoking violence and hatred against each other; Cultural and Language diversity normally plays important role in progress. But in Pakistan this has played negative role in the absence of democracy where there has been unfair and unjust allocation of resources. This has weakened Pakistan as Pakistan is a federation and if any federating unit is unhappy or angry this will weaken Pakistan. This is said that if there is no politics and lack of tolerance t hen there is violence. Solution to this problem is real democracy through free and fair elections held under neutral caretaker government. Elections should be held in free and fair environment where everyone has liberty to select his representatives who will truly represent wishes of people. Initially the change might not be considerable but with time it will show its effects if and this is big if, if no more interruptions are made in political democratic process it will show its results. Independent election commission shall be made to conduct elections in free fair environment as it is normally said that it doesnt matter to whom you cast the vote, what really matter is who counts the vote The role of agencies in threatening opposite candidates and their involvement in rigging is also needed to be finishes forever. Free and fair environment will also increase turnout in elections showing interest of people in policy making of Pakistan. Creating awareness through open tolerant discussions via media will a lso play important role. Corruption and poverty are other major problems faced by Pakistan. Pakistans economy has been affected by corruption very much. The high-level corruption, which involves politicians, military and civil bureaucracy and feudalists, has damaged countrys economy. This corruption is done usually by borrowing large loans from banks and by borrowing loans from international financial institutions for development purposes and then these loans is not returned; rather these are transferred to personal bank accounts. These increase debts on Pakistan have crushed its economy. These debts are than returned by general public through high taxes. Taking high rates of commission and giving tenders of public projects according to likes and dislike instead of merit is also common type of corruption. SGS Coteckna case, Mehran Bank scandal, Surrey Palace scandal, Paper mills scandal, Steel Mills case and privatization of PTCL, Illegal agricultural land acquisition are common examples of corruption. Pakis tans number in corruption is still too high. The high-level corruption has been the major reason of poverty in Pakistan. This poverty has raised corruption in lower level that is under immense pressure of continuous inflation. To eradicate corruption we need to make sustainable and people friendly economic policies. If inflation will not be high the lower level corruption will eradicate. To eradicate high-level corruption we need to strengthen accountability process through powerful and independent minded judiciary. Apart from this we have shown some improvement, as our GDP growth rate is 7%, GDP of agriculture is 21.6%. GDP of industry is 25.1% and per capita has increased to $3004, our Karachi Stock exchange has been acclaimed as one of the top stock exchanges of world where more than 750 companies are registered. So we need to concentrate and be efficient more to develop. Education and health sector in Pakistan has been neglected more. Only around 2% of budget is allocated for education, which is around Rs 9556.44 million (9.55 billion). Our literacy rate is 56% with 87.3% enrollment in primary, 44% in secondary and just 4.6% in post-secondary. 10 million children in Pakistan are not getting basic education. Percentage of enrollment in higher grades is low because of poverty and high fees, which they cannot afford. Same sort of situation is with health, Poor facilities of health will not be able to protect future generations from disease. We need to increase this part of budget from 2% to at least 8% to 10%. Politics and political activities in any society show, how tolerant, vibrant and alive society is, and on what lines the country will progress. Political culture and structure of our country is also one of the biggest fears. Long dictatorships have weakened the political system, and now this system is mostly running for sole purpose of grabbing throne instead of providing services to people. Breaking promises corruption and feudal setup has made people fed up of politics. Core problem of politics lies in feudalism. Feudalism is a system in which one person is like owner (who is feudal head) and all other are like his property, despondent of any social rights. When feudalisms grip is tightened and people are kept in their social cage for years, people become thoughtless. Thus they are molded into their slaves for many coming generations. This could be understood by one example, for instance if we put a six feet high human in 3 by 3 cage, he will be transformed into dwarf. These people are then used as their supporters. These feudal possess huge land areas, and have back support of governments and politicians. These feudal become MPAs and MNAs or support them to be elected, so they are always in power. They never let people become educated because it creates awareness of right and wrong, which could be dangerous for their never-ending rule. These feudal could be non-religious people or even religious feudal. This is biggest social problem of our society. Solution to this problem is land reforms, awareness of rights and most important is Education for all. Every prosperous and developed society in world has dissolved this system through land and educational reforms. Best examples are Bangladesh and India; as they had dissolved feaudalism immediately after independence. In this context the light for hope is dim but not yet vanished. There were many doubts about civil society that because of continuous intervention of military in democratic process and absence of independence of judiciary, have made civil society irrelevant of national affair. But 9th march of 2007 and events followed proved that civil society of Pakistan is still alive, though was silent. This was proven that citizens could fight for rights; they just need a right man. That man the leader came from superior judiciary. When a dictator tried to take on judiciary, which was providing true justice to people, civil society reacted. Reaction from lawyers community, media and civil society was unprecedented. No one had ever expected that people would come on streets in large numbers to defend Independence of judiciary. In past judiciary in Pakistan was not regarded as independent, and always criticized by people, mostly for its decision in favor of establishment and against the popular wis hes of people. History of these decisions starts from 1954; Justice Munirs decision in which he developed the law of necessity and later on gave legal cover to first Martial law. This history continued to 2000 and somehow after. Establishment, dictators and even politicians when in power always crushed judiciary and independent minded judges. But when Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudary was made Chief Justice it was felt that government and bureaucracy (establishment) and intelligence agencies are also accountable to someone. This made above elements angry and they attacked judiciary. Unlike past this time a historical unprecedented movement initiated by lawyers, which was one of its kinds in present history, specially the bar councils bar associations. These people also become heroes of people of Pakistan. The media, which has gained its independence through long struggle, was in support of this movement and civil society was there for all time, for instance the Rally of 5th May Is lamabad to Lahore where millions of people came on street to salute this non-political leader, their Chief Justice, who had made them conscious of their respect. So we have reached the conclusion that there are still hopes as judiciary, media, and lawyers and most important the civil society is still alive. There are still hopes because we have potential to develop and there are still hopes because we are conscious and aware of our rights. There are only two fears, first is absence of democracy and second is that we havent still identified those forces which are creating differences between us. If we could solve these two problems we will be able to develop harmony and tolerance in our society and could achieve highs of success.

The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood :: essays research papers

The role of a Handmaid in the Republic of Gilead is ultimately to breed, and nothing more. Cooped up in a nondescript room with nothing but her own thoughts and painful memories for company, the narrator, Offred, shows many signs of retreating further and further into her own world, and becoming slowly more unstable throughout the course of the novel as her terrible new life continues. The most common and by far the most disturbing example of this is the use of imagery and symbolism in the book. Many everyday items and observations are likened to some kind of sickening or violent image, which indicate that Offred isn’t really all that stable; for example a removed light fixture is described as being â€Å"like the place in a face where the eye has been taken out.† Other examples of this are describing a Guardian of the Faith’s face as â€Å"unwholesomely tender, like the skin under a scab† and likening â€Å"half-dead, flexible and pink† worms to lips. A tourist’s stiletto heels are â€Å"delicate instruments of torture†; fluffy clouds are thought of as â€Å"headless sheep† and urinals â€Å"look oddly like babies’ coffins†. The Commander’s Wife herself is described as having a chin â€Å"clenched like a fist†. Further on in the book, when Moira has been violently punished for faking an illness; â€Å"... she could not walk for a week... They looked like drowned feet, swollen and boneless, except for the colour. They looked like lungs.† All these violent, disgusting images are evidence for Offred’s deteriorating state of health. Other similes mentioned are not so much violent as they are strange; at one stage, Offred compares herself to a piece of toast. The author also uses colour as a powerful symbolic device. The colour red is referred to many times in the novel, most notably when Offred describes herself as â€Å"a Sister, dipped in blood.† This image in particular refers to menstruation, a process the Handmaids have grown to dread as it proves they have ‘failed’ once again. The reoccurring image of the tulips in the garden also relates to this – they are also red and compared to blood: â€Å"... a darker crimson toward the stem, as if they had been cut and are beginning to heal there.† and all of the references can be likened to â€Å"Tulips†, a poem by Sylvia Plath, written about her time in a mental illness ward. We are informed, primarily in Chapter Two, that any object that may aid suicide is strictly out of bounds in Offred’s accommodation.

Renaissance in Italy

There were many factors that led to the Renaissance beginning in Italy. The Renaissance was a transition to the Modern Age that began in Italy. It began in Italy for plenty of reasons but the main factors for this happening are the geographical and sociological factors. These were what made Italy the country that started the Renaissance movement that would later move all throughout Europe. Geographically the main reason why Italy started the Renaissance was the reminder they had from ancient Rome. It was the beauty and art that showed that this area had wealth. 94) This was like a reminder to all the people in that country that they can all have wealth and beauty like that. It wasn't even Just the wealth and beauty in Rome but also the arts and music that was shown, this helped them want to change. (294) Not only was it Rome but there were also other cities like Milan, Florence, Venice, Mantra and Genoa that had the same characteristics. (295) This led to them stepping away from King doms and instead being led by cities. (Lecture 1) The wealthy families also helped start the Renaissance in Italy.One example was he Medici family who were so wealthy that they take over the city of Florence. (Lecture 1) Europe was hit with a plague and the first country to start trading again was Italy, which helped them get a huge increase in wealth over the other countries in Europe. This in itself had a big impact on the creation of the Renaissance in Italy. (lecture 1) All these factors played a big role in the creation of the Renaissance. It was because of Italy's history, location, and wealth that helped this happen. Without all these things happening in Italy the Renaissance wouldn't have happened as fast as it did.

Women and World War II - Women in the Government

Women and World War II - Women in the Government In addition to thousands of women who took government jobs in support of the war effort or to free up men for other jobs, women played key leadership roles in government. In China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek was an active promoter of the Chinese cause against the Japanese occupation. This wife of the Nationalist leader of China was head of Chinas air force during the war. She spoke to the US Congress in 1943. She was called the worlds most famous woman for her efforts. British women in government also played important roles during the war. Queen Elizabeth (wife of King George VI, born Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon) and her daughters, Princesses Elizabeth (future Queen Elizabeth II) and Margaret, were an important part of the morale effort, continuing to live at Buckingham Palace in London even when the Germans were bombing the city, and distributing aid in the city after bombing raids. Member of Parliament and feminist, American-born Nancy Astor, worked to keep up the morale of her constituents and served as unofficial hostess to American troops in England. In the United States, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt played an active role in building morale among civilians and military forces. Her husbands use of a wheelchair and his conviction that he must not be seen publicly as disabled meant that Eleanor traveled, wrote, and spoke. She continued to publish a daily newspaper column. She also advocated for responsible roles for women and for minorities. Other women in decision-making positions included Frances Perkins,  US Secretary of Labor (1933-1945), Oveta Culp Hobby who headed the War Departments Womens Interest Section and became director of the Womens Army Corps (WAC), and Mary McLeod Bethune who served as director of the Division of Negro Affairs and advocated the commissioning of black women as officers in the Womens Army Corps. At the end of the war, Alice Paul rewrote the Equal Rights Amendment, which had been introduced into and rejected by each session of Congress since women had achieved the vote in 1920. She and other former suffragists expected that womens contributions to the war effort would naturally lead to the acceptance of equal rights, but the Amendment didnt pass Congress until the 1970s, and eventually failed to pass in the required number of states.

ACT Test Security Protocols What to Expect

ACT Test Security Protocols What to Expect SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Standardized test materials must be kept under lock and key to ensure fairness and scoring accuracy during each administration. The ACT is no exception to this rule, and ACT Inc. has many regulations in place to prevent the distribution of confidential test questions to the public. In this article, I'll go through all of theACT test security rules, what security breaches have occurred in recent years, and what this means for students in general. Why Is ACT Test Security a Concern? It’s extremely important for ACT Inc. to ensure that the test materials are secure before, during and after each administration.In the event that someone acquires test materials before the exam, the integrity of that whole administration of the test is compromised.Students with prior knowledge of the test will earn artificially high scores and skew the curve, putting other students who didn’t cheat at a significant disadvantage.Breaches in test security also undermine the credibility of the testing organization and the validity of the test as a measure of academic ability. How Does ACT Inc. Ensure Test Security? There are a few ways in which ACT Inc. guards the integrity of exam materials. These regulations come into play before, during, and after each examination period. Security of Test Materials Before the Exam Access to test materials before test day is restricted to test coordinators who work for ACT Inc.School staff may assist in organizing the materials, but only if the test coordinator is also present and the staff member doesn’t have any relatives who will be testing during this administration.Anyone who assists with the test materials must be identified on the ACT State and District Testing Staff List.Anyone who may potentially take the ACT within the next 12 months is prohibited from gaining access to the test materials.Test materials can’t be transferred to or from another location without prior authorization by ACT Inc. Test coordinators are responsible for all testing materials from start to finish to prevent tampering by anyone at individual schools.The test coordinator checks all the packages of test booklets upon receipt at each school to ensure that none have been tampered with.The materials are also counted to ensure that there are no missing booklets or booklets with broken seals.The seals on all test booklets must remain intact until the examinee breaks them on test day.The carton of test booklets is then resealed by the test coordinator, locked away in a secure area, and only brought back out on the morning of the test. Test Center Conduct Test coordinators from ACT Inc. must hand the booklets directly to proctors on test day.Booklets are re-counted every time they change hands to make sure the number of booklets stays the same and the serial numbers are correct.Completed exams go directly back into the hands of the test coordinator and are stored in a secure area. Testing rooms are never left unattended even if there is only one student in the room, and students are prohibited from viewing sections of the test ahead of time or turning back to sections after time has already been called.No electronic devices that might be used to document the test content in any way are permitted in the testing room.Devices like smartphones should be turned off and stowed away under your desk/in your bag throughout the exam. Don't risk leaving your phone on. If it starts ringing in the middle of the test, you'll most likely be dismissed and have your scores canceled. Farewell, sweet prince (for a couple of hours, then it's back to checking my email every ten seconds). Recent Breaches in ACT Test Security In August of 2016, the ACT laid off its head of test security in response to a huge security breach that occurred on the last administration of the test.During the June 2016 administration of the test, the ACT canceled all sittings in Hong Kong and South Korea because of leaked test materials.The ACT plans to audit nearly 200 education centers after widespread cheating was discovered in ACT-owned college-prep programs for international students.Test prep companies in China and South Korea have also been administering the ACT to students, a practice which is prohibited by ACT Inc due to the obvious conflict of interests. There have been reports of widespread cheating in the ACT-owned Global Assessment Certificate program or GAC, which operates countries and has over 5,000 students and 197 centers (most of which are located in mainland China).Some students have reported that they were allowed to practice with materials that later showed up on the real exam.There have also been issues with test prep companies, particularly in East Asia, taking advantage of the ACT’s practice of reusing questions by harvesting questions from past exams so that students can practice with materials they may see on the test. ACT Inc. has plans to introduce a computerized version of the ACT for international students in 2017 to reduce the risk of materials being leaked ahead of time to students. The next step in ACT technology: Robotic test proctors with impossibly chiseled abs. What Do ACT Test Security Rules Mean for Students? It’s important to understand the consequences of sharing confidential test information, whether it happens before or after you take the test.Though tracing test security leaks is very difficult, their impact on you, the other students taking the test, and the integrity of the whole system is extremely negative. If test materials are leaked, lots of scores may be canceled, even those of students who never consulted the materials beforehand.Also, ACT Inc. won’t be able to use the questions they created ever again after they’ve been compromised.If test leaks occur and are not discovered, students will earn artificially high scores, skewing the curve lower for everyone else.Basically, if you hear about any test leaks, it’s in your best interests to report them to ACT Inc. and not to participate in the cheating. On test day, make sure you have a valid photo ID and your admission ticket with you so you can verify your identity. Bring a calculator that has been approved for use on the test. When you're taking the test, don't try to skip ahead to a section that hasn't started yet or go back to a section that has already passed. Don't discuss questions with other students during breaks, and keep your smartphone turned off and stowed away in your bag at all times. Violations of this kind could result in your scores being canceled! Also, don’t try to recreate test questions after you take the exam (this is something people have done on College Confidential fairly frequently).There’s a reason the ACT asks you not to talk about the specific materials you saw on the test. Sometimes those materials will be reused on future exams or slightly later international test dates.I know it’s hard not to talk about questions after the test, but you really shouldn't post them in online forums where people who haven’t taken the ACT yet might take advantage of them. Don't yell out the answers to ACT questions in the middle of the ruins of the Roman forum either. You never know who's listening. Although if they do listen to you for more than a couple seconds they're probably not of sound enough mind to do anything with what they hear. Summary: What You Need to Know About ACT TestSecurity ACT Inc. takes test security very seriously. If the questions are compromised, they can no longer be used, and many students' scores may become invalid. Many regulations are put in place to prevent question leaks both before and after each test is administered, but sometimes things still slip through the cracks. There have been several instances of question leaks and related cheating scandals just within the past few years. As a student, it's in your best interests to keep the questions confidential after the test and to report any signs of cheating. Test security violations don't just help the people who have advance knowledge - they actively hurt everyone else who takes the test fairly. What's Next? Check out this article for more details on the rules and regulations that inform test day procedure (and how to make sure you don't violate them). What exactly can you expect when you get to the test center? Read this guide to ACT test day so you can feel comfortable going into the experience. It's important to say something if your proctor makes a mistake or the test center environment is too distracting. Learn when and how to speak up in these situations. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The matrix - Essay Example The directors of the movie ‘The Matrix’ are the two Wachowski siblings; they are Andy Wachowski and Lana Wachowski. The two brothers were very enthusiastic about the movie even before the making of it. It was a very ambitious project for them. They have portrayed the religious belief and the conception that they possess in well documented manner in the movie. The religious inclination of the siblings came from their mother. Their mother was originally a catholic, so the directors have got some sort of inclination towards the religious beliefs and conceptions. Moreover, their mother was also a Shamanist, i.e. she believed in reaching to an alternate state of mind. She also used to develop an energy that helped her to communicate with the various spirits. Furthermore, she also used to have the power to enter into the benevolent and malevolent spirits of the universe and can highly influence them. These environments of religion and spiritual beliefs have highly influenced s iblings to have a strong inclination towards it. Hence, they were influenced to make the movie. The movie, ‘The Matrix’, has also shown a suffice presence of the religious and spiritual concepts. Moreover, the two siblings had immensely struggled in their early life of childhood. They also believe that they were able to survive in those struggling days only because of the blessings of the God and the holy spirits (Gerrold 1-257). Literally speaking, ‘The Matrix’ is the development of an object that is influenced by the political, cultural and social environment. There are various religions practiced in this world that believe the concept portrayed in the movie, ‘The Matrix’. Moreover, the religious beliefs conveyed in Christianity and Buddhism shows strong similarity in their doctrines to the message that is being portrayed in the movie. Many people in this world believe that the

Caribbean Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Caribbean Literature - Essay Example These woman writers were born in the late 1940s and 1950s and they produced their first major works in the 1980s. "The term 'Caribbean women writers' describes an extremely diverse collection of women: women of numerous racial and ethnic groups who reside in many nations and write in at least four European languages and many Caribbean Creoles." (Rody, 117) Significantly, the most acclaimed woman writer of the region, Jean Rhys, is a white woman identified with English modernism who lived in the wake of Caribbean women's renaissance in the 1980s. Jamaica Kincaid, Michelle Cliff, and Maryse Conde are some of the prominent figures during the Caribbean women's renaissance in the 1980s. Therefore, a profound analysis of the Caribbean literature of 1980s, one recognizes a key stage of development in women's writing. In the critical work 'The Invisible Woman in West Indian Literature', Ramabai Espinet investigates the 'invisibility' of East Indian woman in Caribbean literature and one gets the notion that women arbiters are marginalized by virtue of their ethnicity a

Ploidy Manipulation in Molluscs Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Ploidy Manipulation in Molluscs - Dissertation Example The benefit that triploid bivalves accrue to commercial interests mainly stems from two qualities they possess – multi-locus heterozygosity and sterility. It is also observed within the review process that M1 triploids are more profitable than M11 ones as they possess greater multi-locus heterozygosity and allelic diversity. Thus, the review concludes that inducing triploidy at the M1 stage is more beneficial. The review also finds that physical methods of inducing triploidy are not as efficient as chemical ones. On the other hand chemical; means are both costly and subject to control as some of the chemicals are extremely toxic and a hazard to the health of researchers, handlers and others including those who later consume bivalves. The alternative the review finds to direct chemical induction is th egenration of tetraploid breeding lines that can then to used to generate triploid individuals in two ways – either by mating tetraploid males and females or by mating tetr aploid males with diploid females. This is prospective so far but the review finds dearth of efforts to induce triploidy at M1 stage by the more natural tetraploid processes outlined just now. The review points out that tetraplods can produce triploids more efficiently with less cost and effort as well as completely safely but now is the time when efforts should be expended to induce M1 triploidy utilising the tetraploid techniques. The review believes that such efforts can be effective if enough researchers put their minds to it.

Be Able to Contribute to Planning Learning Activities Essay Example for Free

Be Able to Contribute to Planning Learning Activities Essay Hello Harry I met you at the Hyatt Hotel in Birmingham and I spoke to your assistant manager about my trip to Malawi. I Hope you are ok! Below is a picture of me and you at villa part in 2010! WOW! I had the most amazing opportunity to volunteer in Ghana for 6 weeks in July, its quiet unbelievable to be given another opportunity to help make people happy again!! BUT!! Every volunteer MUST raise  £800. ALL Money raised goes to projects whilst we are out there etc. I shall be working with Orphans and also teaching mothers how to educate their child. I’m finding it extremely difficult to raise my fundraising target and I have  £635 to go until lively minds (company im going with) are happy with my fundraising, Its totally stressing me out as I have to pay for my own flights too!! Which is an additional  £700 and coming from a single parent family on a council estate is hard, I just want to make myself proud and have a good life This is the only thing that makes me happy, Lifes pretty dull to be honest . But when I’m making others happy and putting smiles on the faces of children who truly have nothing to live for, but keep going and keep fighting their everyday life makes me happy about myself. When I spoke to you before the game you said you woul help me reach my fundraising target. I truly hope that is still possible so i can then the company can lay off my back and I concentrate on raising my flight costs. It would mean the world if you could help me on this quest. To be able to relax and know i am going to Ghana and not telling people â€Å"Maybe depending on if i achieve my fundraising target† would be HARRYmazing! Haha.. Bad joke i know!! Thankyou for your kindness and ill thoroughly appreciate anything you are able to do to help me reach my target goal! Thank you so much! All the best take care Jordan Goodridge Please check my just giving page – www.justgiving.co.uk/childrenofghana Twitter [emailprotected] These pictures were when i volunteered in Malawi in July – September 2012 working with orphans who had HIV/AIDS. I hope you are able to help me reach my target! Thankyou!

Bolsheviks and Britain in World War One :: World History Regeneration Barker Essays

"Bolsheviks and Britain in World War One" During one of the therapy and wit sessions between Rivers and Prior at Craiglockhart, we discover that class struggle is an issue plaguing Prior. Pat Barker introduces the reference to Bolsheviks on page 135 in order to have her readers strictly denounce the caste system of British society, both for the soldiers returning home, and also the women who continued to be victims of the same system in Britain during World War One. Understanding the role Bolsheviks play in affecting Britain's soldiers and citizens during World War One first requires background information on both Russian interests and Russia's relationship to Germany. Russia entered World War One after Germany declared war against Russia due to an alliance system between Germany and Austria. The Russians had little success in repelling the Germans, illustrated by the disaster at Tannenberg where more than 30,000 Russians soldiers died (Sherow). Germany subsequently made large gains into Russian territories. Tsar Nicholas II had no choice but to abdicate the throne in March 1917, allowing the Bolsheviks to take power (Sherow). It is very important to note that the Germans allowed "prominent Bolsheviks like Lenin and Trotsky" to pass by rail through their country "to start a revolution and knock Russia out of the war" (Simpson). Due to the Bolshevik revolution not completely coming from a democratic mandate from the people, Britain shows extreme suspicion towards Russian motives henceforth. Distrust and skepticism within Britain toward the new Bolshevik government led to Britain's reluctance to support it and a hands off diplomatic approach to Russian problems. By 1917 it was evident that the "question of peace and war would be a bitter source of controversy within the Bolshevik party" (Kowalski 11). Lenin had uncompromisingly defended his position not to continue the war, a decision that was leading to a split in the upper ranks of the party (Kowalski 33). His reasoning was that any imperialist states should not be negotiated for peace, instead calling "for an international civil war against world capitalism" (Kowalski 11). Lenin’s statements are quite a shock for the newly opened spheres of investments that had led to a great interest in Eastern Europe industries (Sherow). France and even Britain had loaned out much money to facilitate the growth --and, hopefully, returns-- in Eastern Europe; any resort to war at this point would cost both countries dearly (She row).

Cuzco Enterprises/ business plan :: essays research papers

CUZCO ENTERPRISES CORP CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 2357 w Diversy Ave Chicago IL 60639 (773) 255-1393 Fax (773) 448-6779 Www.faustocuzco.com/ecuador.html Executive Summary By focusing on its heritage and the strength and experience CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 will continue to enhance their quality, uniqueness, and valuable customer service. o This business plan leads the way. It renews our vision and strategic focus on the quality and value we put in our products and the market segment originally targeted. Our vision has been broadened by the success we have found in the marketplace, to the extent of adding new products and current plans on additional items and services. It has given us a step-by-step plan to meet and exceed our goals for increased sales, gross margin, and profitability. o This plan includes this summary, and chapters on the company, products and services, market focus, action plans and forecasts, management team, and financial plan. Objectives 1. Increase sales to more than $100,000 over the next three years. 2. Move gross margin to above 55% over the current merchandise line and maintain that level. 3. Add new products such tailoring service, a leather jacket section, and sport wear section. 4. Improve inventory turnover, reduce the cost of goods sold while maintaining the high quality of our products 5. To provide jobs to the Hispanic community that are rewarding and fulfilling. Business Description Mission: I am Fausto Cuzco Entrepreneur owner of Cuzco Enterprises Corp. We are here to provide you with high quality merchandise products, fast service and the most important goal in our enterprising is your " satisfaction" Industry back ground Cuzco Enterprises Corp was created in February 2002 by a 29 year old novice young man named Fausto Cuzco. Under this parent name, he opened his first store in a small mall in south side Chicago, CUZCO CASUAL WEAR #1. Currently my friend Patricia and I own this store. Sales have been growing steadily with the cost of goods sold consistently decreasing. But to make significant headway in this area, we need to expand our business into new territories. Goals and potential of the new venture Constantly striving to supply what the consumer is asking for, we continually review what is available in the marketplace, and what isn't. Improving on what is available and providing new products and services to the areas of need will assure our success in a market driven by consumer demand. Cuzco Enterprises/ business plan :: essays research papers CUZCO ENTERPRISES CORP CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 2357 w Diversy Ave Chicago IL 60639 (773) 255-1393 Fax (773) 448-6779 Www.faustocuzco.com/ecuador.html Executive Summary By focusing on its heritage and the strength and experience CUZCO CASUAL WEAR # 2 will continue to enhance their quality, uniqueness, and valuable customer service. o This business plan leads the way. It renews our vision and strategic focus on the quality and value we put in our products and the market segment originally targeted. Our vision has been broadened by the success we have found in the marketplace, to the extent of adding new products and current plans on additional items and services. It has given us a step-by-step plan to meet and exceed our goals for increased sales, gross margin, and profitability. o This plan includes this summary, and chapters on the company, products and services, market focus, action plans and forecasts, management team, and financial plan. Objectives 1. Increase sales to more than $100,000 over the next three years. 2. Move gross margin to above 55% over the current merchandise line and maintain that level. 3. Add new products such tailoring service, a leather jacket section, and sport wear section. 4. Improve inventory turnover, reduce the cost of goods sold while maintaining the high quality of our products 5. To provide jobs to the Hispanic community that are rewarding and fulfilling. Business Description Mission: I am Fausto Cuzco Entrepreneur owner of Cuzco Enterprises Corp. We are here to provide you with high quality merchandise products, fast service and the most important goal in our enterprising is your " satisfaction" Industry back ground Cuzco Enterprises Corp was created in February 2002 by a 29 year old novice young man named Fausto Cuzco. Under this parent name, he opened his first store in a small mall in south side Chicago, CUZCO CASUAL WEAR #1. Currently my friend Patricia and I own this store. Sales have been growing steadily with the cost of goods sold consistently decreasing. But to make significant headway in this area, we need to expand our business into new territories. Goals and potential of the new venture Constantly striving to supply what the consumer is asking for, we continually review what is available in the marketplace, and what isn't. Improving on what is available and providing new products and services to the areas of need will assure our success in a market driven by consumer demand.

Reality TV a Poblem Essay

The Pop Culture phenomenon that is reality television has been expanding since its arrival in the early 1990’s. Reality TV is the newest television genre but not the weakest by far. After MTV launched the hit show Real World it was clear that realty TV is here to stay. Today reality television is bigger than ever any time of the day you can be sure that some sort of reality program is being aired on a network. Reality television has become so big that it has created whole television networks based around reality programing, networks such as Tru TV and E! Entertainment which is the mother network for hit shows such as Keeping up with the Kardashians and Girls Next Door. Despite the fact reality TV is very popular it can have negative effects on its viewers. Many media analysts believe although reality programing is entertaining it holds almost no redeeming social value whatsoever. When it comes to values of reality TV programs the only values that it seems to give people are su perficial or for profit. Reality TV’s foundation is their sense of vanity, even in shows like duck dynasty which is about a incredibly rich rural family living on a farm. Even though the show is about a red neck life style it doesn’t fail to show the wealth possessed by the family. Reality TV can often make an average person feel un average. When that average Joe tunes in to see three men in ugly beards (Duck Dynasty) spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on useless comities it can make him or her feel like their life isn’t good enough and that they too should be living like the people depicted on television. In the article Is reality T.V. so bad it’s good or just plain bad? By Sabrina Giancioppi she states â€Å"At face value, reality television is easily a reflection of everything that is wrong with society. The only thing worse than the housewives, bachelors, idols, kids from the shore, teen moms and toddlers, might just be those who tune in to watch these shows every week, fuelling our society’s great appetite for idiotism and humiliation (Giancioppi)† this shows that the possible reason for American’s over  indulgent us as Americans are so blinded by material objects and vanity that we often fail to acknowledge the great things our country has such has freedom of speech and freedom of religion. Many American’s have a mentality that is never satisfied we as a country seem to have a universal belief that nothing is ever good enough and reality television can be somewhat to blame. On reality TV we see rich house wives living a life of luxury and viewers think that if they are not doing these fabulous things like flying in private jets or going shopping for Bentley’s than we are not truly successful when success is based on one’s own perception n ot the perception of pop culture. Reality TV’s big demographic that it reaches out to is the teenager, because they are the ones usually watching the most television in the home ergo they are the best to appeal to. When a young mind of a teenager is exposed to unreal reality and scenarios depicted on reality programs such as Jersey Shore where a household of seven adults spend a summer on the New Jersey beach. The Show consists of drinking, partying, and copulation and was aired for over four years. Shows like Jersey Shore are bad for an older demographic let alone teens. When teens see shows like Jersey Shore it leaves an impression in their mind that this is what it is like to be an adult and they usually believe that because it is the only example they have seen. The problem with so many teenagers being engaged in reality TV programming is that it give false sense of life. When teens watch reality TV it more often than not makes them feel like they have a dull life. The show Laguna Beach: the real Orange County on MTV is about a local high school girl named Lauren Conrad and her clique of wealthy teen friends that live in Laguna Hills. In the show these kids have more problems and things going on than most adults. This is a prime example of how reality television can make a teens life seem awfully dull compared to the people’s on TV like Lauren Conrad who is constantly going to extravagant place and driving a sports car provided by her wealthy parents. Shows like Laguna Beach that are blatantly aimed to a younger audience should be showing kids and teens a role model and teach lessons that will help them in real scenarios rather than showing them a teenager and her friends alluring life filled with glamour that show lack of positive messages and no role models. Although reality shows can be  bad examples for kids and teens James Poniewozik of Time Magazine writes in his article titled â€Å"Why I Watch Reality TV With My Kids† he believes it is good to watch reality television with children and teens because it is the last type of family programming there is. In the article Poniewozik states â€Å"It’s no accident that many of the series I’ve mentioned are competition shows: like sports, it’s a genre that can appeal to kid and adult interests without denying either one. Most of these series are made for adults without any particular goal of being all-ages entertainment. But on their own terms, they reflect things that kids are interested in: competition, creation, performance. Maybe more important, they’re also a kind of structured introduction to the grownup world (Poniewozik)† the claim made by James reveals that there can be positive effects for kids and teens from watching reality shows if they choose to watch a particular show and watch it with their family, but this is not often the case. Usually the child or teen who is watching reality shows are watching with no parental guidance and choose to watch programs that are outrageous or most â€Å"grown up† show, they are not looking for the shows with least values not with the most. Being a teen that has gotten to see reality programming evolve to what it is now has shown me firsthand the lack of value the shows contain. In the Journal of Advertising Research authors Anthony Patino, Veltichka D. Kaltcheva and, Michael F. Smith write about the appeal of reality TV towards teenagers and preteens in the passage the authors state â€Å"With the number of hours spent in front of the television set increasing 6 percent annually (Nielsen Media Research, 2009) and the reality programming genre steadily growing, preteens and teens are more likely to be viewing reality programs. More important, there is evidence that young people emulate the behavior of reality stars (Patino, Kaltcheva, and Smith)†. This statement shows that teenagers are spending more time watching television and reality shows more and more. With the rise of teenage viewers in reality television it no wonder on why our youth seems to be growing up faster and faster. Now a days teenagers no longer want to stay kids for long they see these people on reality TV living an exciting life and they too want their life to be extravagant and exciting and they accomplish this by holding a semblance that depicts that of a reality TV star and doing things like holding  themselves to a higher caliber socially or do things they wouldn’t usually take part of like drinking or smoking but because they see these reality TV stars doing these things and thriving they too want that fame and success. Kids now a days are exposed to so much more grown up content mainly due to all the reality television that is going around. When my sister was younger probably in middle school she couldn’t get enough of MTV and VH1 reality shows from Jersey Shore to VH1’s competition shows like Flavor of Love and Bret Michaels Rock of Love. These type of shows were truly the definition of â€Å"Trash TV†; the shows consisted of a roller coaster of problems t hat at the times seemed enthralling. Shows like the ones my sister would watch made me feel like I was losing brain cells just by watching them, the shows had no plot, no good ideas, no good actors, no nothing. Now I don’t often watch reality television for multiple reasons the biggest simply being there is much better content on television. I would rather watch a such as Breaking Bad or Boardwalk Empire which contains a deep plot that calls for an engaged viewer and shows artistic traits such as cinematography, scoring and set design. Programs with a sense of meaning or artistic value seem more attractive than watching a group of people argue and stress over irrelevant situations. No matter who is watching reality TV or who isn’t they continue rise in popularity and spring out of nowhere by the masses. What makes these shows so attractive to all these viewers? Maybe it’s the enjoyment of seeing a stranger’s life play out in front of your eyes, or the convince of always being able to tune in and watch whether or not one saw last week’s episode. The best way to find out why audiences of reality TV get so enthralled with the programming is to interview with a fan of reality television shows. A super fan of reality shows that I know of is my sister Desirae Duran she is twenty-two years old, a junior in college, and has been watching reality television for as long as she can remember. The first questioned asked to Desirae was why do you like reality programs? Desirae said what she enjoys about reality shows is how they involve little effort from the viewer, when she watches reality shows she can be texting or on the internet on the same time and still understand what is happening in the episode unlike when she watches shows like CSI or Game of Thrones that require h er full attention. I then asked Desirae if she thinks reality  television has redeeming value in society. Her response to my question was rather surprising, she said that reality shows provide entertainment to people, that alone is enough for something to have redeeming value. Desirae then made a comparison to Game of Thrones and The Bachelor saying they both entertain her and fill her crave for good television. What my sister said about how entertainment is valuable is obvious and something I failed to realize and account for. I then asked Desirae a last question on why she thinks other people are so fascinated by reality TV and she gave me a short answer she said â€Å"people want what they can’t have and reality shows give them a taste of what they can’t have† This may be a key reason of why so many people enjoy watching shows about the rich and famous or maybe people just enjoy the entertainment aspect of the shows whatever it may be that attracts a viewers to reality televis ion the networks have no problem with it. It seems as if the only value that comes from reality television is the profit it provides television networks. One of the reasons why cable is flooded with reality programs is because they are so cheap for studios to make. If there is one thing television networks like ABC or NBC love more than a hit show it’s a hit show for the fraction of the price. In an article about the cost of reality television versus scripted television author Laura Jerpi of South University pulls information about reality programming from Scott Manville founder and president of TV Writers Vault in the article it states â€Å"An episode for a scripted series can be anywhere between a half-million and millions of dollars depending on the network and content involved,† in the article Manville also writes â€Å"budgets for reality shows can range from $100,000 to more than $500,000 per episode [depending on the network and content]†. With the amount of money being saved per episode it is no wonder why television is infested with reality shows. The dramatic drop in production cost in reality shows is due to an array of reasons. Reality TV often consist of one to no production sets, mediocre writers, a less than satisfactory director probably fresh out of film school and actors that work for less than an employee at Starbucks. Because of the low cost that goes into producing a reality show and the high profitability rate networks don’t mind having a surplus of them. The Failure of a reality has  far less risk than a failure of a Sit-com or prime time Drama because of the small cost and the large amount programs available so this lets studios and networks experiment with bizarre idea’s and unorthodox content. Reality TV is often called â€Å"Trash TV† mainly because of the lack of values it provides to the general audience. Reality shows fill a viewer’s head up with garbage content. Now a days when one channel surfs the overwhelming wave is the reality wave, reality programs have seemed to have gone to the point of no return. Shows like Jersey Shore and Laguna Beach will continue to thrive as long as people tune in to be passive and not active. It seems as if there are not enough hours in the day for reality television. Television use to be informative and artistic now all of those types of programs are being taken out to make room for reality shows aka â€Å"Trash TV†. If entertainment is considered a valuable commodity then I guess opium is John D Rockefeller. Work Cited Web articles -Giancioppi, Sabrina. â€Å"Pros and Cons: Reality Television | The Concordian.† The Concordian RSS. N.p., 09 Oct. 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. . -Jerpi, Laura. â€Å"Reality TV – Low Cost Programming That Produces High Ratings.† Reality TV – Low Cost Programming That Produces High Ratings. South University, Jan. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. Television shows – â€Å"A Black & White affair† Laguna Beach. MTV. KBXV. Orange County. 28 Sep. 2004. Television -â€Å"A New Family† Jersey Shore. MTV.KBXV. New Jersey. 03 Dec. 2009. Television Interview -Duran, Desirae. Personal interview. 2 December. 2013. Magazine article -Poniewozik, James. â€Å"Why I Watch Reality TV With My Kids.† Time 181.23 (2013): 54. Business Source Elite. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. Academic Journal -PATINO, ANTHONY, VELITCHKA D. KALTCHEVA, and MICHAEL F. SMITH. â€Å"The Appeal Of Reality Television For Teen And Pre-Teen Audiences.† Journal Of Advertising Research 51.1 (2011): 288-297. Business Source Elite. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.