Sexual Harassment is NOT Tolerable Essay -- Sexual Harassment in the Wo

According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sexual harassment can be defined as unwelcome sexual advances, wishes for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct clearly or completely affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work routine or creates a threatening, antagonistic or unpleasant work environment (EEOC, 2002). The victim or harasser can either be a man or a woman, and sexual harassment is not always targeted to members of the opposite sex. Sufferers of sexual harassment in the place of work can be subject to fear or anxiety, lower efficiency, a higher level of stress and substance abuse (EEOC, 2002). Quid pro quo harassment is when employment or employment decisions for an employee are based on that employees’ reception or dismissal of unwanted sexual behavior (EEOC, 2002). An example cited by Paul is that of Valerie Craig, an employee of Y & Y Snacks, Inc. She had joined some co-workers and her supervisor for drinks after work one day in July of 1978. Her supervisor drove her home and anticipated that they become more intimately familiar. She refused his request for sexual relations, upon which she was fired after ten days from the incident. She soon filed a complaint of sexual harassment with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and the case wound its way through the courts. Craig won, the company was held accountable for damages, and she received back pay, return to work, and an order barring Y & Y from taking negative action against her in the future (Paul, 1998). Sexual harassment in the workplace is not tolerable in spite of the powe... ...d need for an understanding of behaviors, legal environment, social context and educational systems, which exist in the countries in which modern organizations operate. The outcome of this effort should be the development of not only a pluralistic organization, but also one with a multicultural workforce from the top ranks all the way to lowest ranks (UMC, 2007). Works Cited EEOC, E. E. (2002). Facts about sexual harrasment. available at http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html retrieved on 31-10-11 at 12:00 am. Goodman, E. (1991). The Reasonable Woman Standard. Boston Globe. Paul, E. F. (1998). Bared Buttocks and Federal Cases. Society , 352-355. UMC, U. o.-C. (2007). Power And Sexual Harassment -- Men And Women See Things Differently. Science Daily available at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070403184604.htm retrieved on 1-11-11 at 7:00 am.

Sexual Appeals in Advertising and Their Effects on Consumers

Sex Appeal is one such method of differentiation that suppliers have found and proven to be successful. By targeting our basic animalistic behaviour, namely the drive for sexual reproduction, firms have found that through a cleverly designed message containing sex appeal, they can attract and hold on to consumers’ attention, thus making it more likely for consumers to choose that particular product over another. On the other hand however,sexual content may not be communicative and might even have a detrimental effect on brand information processing. Using sex appeal in advertising is a time-tested technique that will probably be with us forever. If you are marketing a product or service, you need to be aware of the power of sex appeal in advertising and understand the nuances of using sex to market your wares. What is sex appeal in advertising? Appeals utilizing overt sexual information are common in mainstream consumer advertising. Sex appeal is pervasive in advertising and is used with increasing frequency. As advertisersseek out ways to break through clutter and draw attention to their messages, the use of sexually oriented appeals have been used as a communication technique . Previous research for advertising has documented that sexually oriented appeals are widespread, commonplace, and increasing. Typically, sex appeals have varied along two major dimensions; nudity and sexual explicitness. The escalating usage of sexual stimuli in advertising indicates that companies will advertise in a way that most effectively moves the product. And sex does sell; one only has to browse through popular magazines to realize how powerful a tool sex is. Why Sex Sells: The most obvious reason sex appeal works in advertising is that it grabs attention. Both males and females are attracted to this type of advertising. It is a powerful instinctive attraction that will take our focus from anything else we may be doing. And advertisers know this. They play off of our curiosity. They know that it will be more likely to be recalled than most other forms of appeals because of the generated interest. Also, many advertisers have found that overly controversial images, even if they are taken off of the air, will stir up discussions about the ad and the product associated with it. Even if someone does not agree with what is put on an ad, they are still talking about it. By those discussions being had, the name of your product stays in the minds of consumers longer. What to Be Careful of When Using Sex Appeal in Marketing: Make sure that people are not so distracted by the sexual appeal of the ad that they do not remember what the ad was for in the first place. It does not do any good to create a sensual or sexual message when all they can remember is the image and not the brand name. So, make sure the sexual/sensual image being used is connected in some way to the product or service being promoted. This will create a link between the two and make the viewer much more likely to remember the product or service being advertised. Many advertisers appeal to males in this way- buy the product, get the girl. Especially beer advertisements- generally, a group of average looking guys will be in a bar and by purchasing or drinking a certain brand, they will attract interest from an attractive girl across the room. What is considered acceptable varies from one location to another. In a large metropolitan area with a diverse, less conservative population, you might be more likely to produce more risque advertising versus a rural and conservative or religious community. Tailor the message to the people you are targeting, which includes understanding their feelings and beliefs on public sexuality. If you are setting up a business in a smaller community, make sure to note what other businesses do to advertise. Sex appeal may not be an acceptable form of appeal at all. It is not as attention-grabbing as it once was. There is still an element of surprise, but do not think that people will react or respond quite how they did when it was first being used. As we have become more and more surrounded by sexual images in movies and television, we have become almost desensitized to it, and an ad with half-dressed models does not nearly shock us as much as it would have twenty years ago. So, instead of just having a group of sexy girls or guys in an ad, try to find more subtle and unexpected ways to use sexuality in your message. Dove did this by using â€Å"real people† in their marketing campaigns that started a few years ago. They used the different kinds of beauty, body shape, and age to promote their products. This unexpected campaign, which premiered during the Super Bowl, was extremely successful because it was something different that they were remembered for doing. Sex appeal can be used in many ways. In short, make sure that the way you are using it is appropriate for the product that you are selling and the people you are selling it to. Amy Bax is interested in providing innovative informational resources to entrepreneurs. She is currently an MBA student at the University of Missouri – Columbia. We're surrounded by advertisements that desperately compete for our attention. Everywhere we look, we find ourselves inevitably drawn to images of scantily clad attractive men and women that are supposed to somehow inspire us to purchase products they endorse. Sure, this attention-getting strategy is popular. Is sex appeal effective? Sex appeal can increase the effectiveness of an ad or commercial because it attracts the customer's attention. It's human nature to be curious about sex. A pair of long legs on a billboard is more likely to catch (and hold) a guy's attention than a puppy, regardless of how cute it may be. Even women are drawn to them, perhaps with the desire of having goddess-like legs. However, misuse of sex appeal can be costly. Many campaigns deemed offensive have started brand boycotts that affect sales and damage brand reputation. Abercrombie & Fitch has been involved in several scandals, the latest from their most recent catalog entitled â€Å"XXX Wet, Hot Summer Fun. † On April 18, 2002, only a week after the catalog hit the stores, the Illinois State Senate passed a resolution condemning A&F's advertising tactics. This resolution, backed by several nonprofit organizations, suggests citizens and shareholders boycott Abercrombie's products and to take a stand against the company's marketing strategies. Although sexy images in catalogs are not at all uncommon, â€Å"XXX Wet, Hot Summer Fun† featured naked boys and girls frolicking in natural settings. Not quite appropriate for an apparel catalog targeted at teenagers. Sex in advertising has stirred controversy for many years, an advertiser must be careful when incorporating it in a campaign. Great advertisers consider not only the attention-getting power of an advertisement or commercial, but also what kind of emotional response it provokes in customers. Studies show that the attractiveness of the endorsing model provokes positive responses. Nudity and graphic erotic content, while still increasing consumer's attention, doesn't really generate positive feelings among viewers. In other words, advertisers must be careful to avoid the â€Å"cheap shot,† which may negatively affect a brand's image. To avoid that, the sexual content in advertising must be appropriate to the product category and have a proper underlying message. One spot, called â€Å"The Premature Pour,† shows a beautiful seductive woman pouring Heineken into a glass. When a guy across the bar responds by pouring his own, he nervously pours too fast and spills foam all over the table and himself. The sexual content is implicit, yet direct. The sexual reference in this and other spots in the campaign worked, causing sales to rise 13% in the first two quarters of 2002. However, Steve Davis (VP of marketing in Heineken USA), claims that, â€Å"Provocative is a very good place to be, as long as we're not inflammatory. But the spots also work for a different reason. From the tag line to the plot, they are about a desire for Heineken. Our ads make the beer the hero. † Sex sells, yes, but only when used â€Å"in good taste. † As marketers we must think not only in getting customers' attention for the short term, but also in building a brand reputation that will yield long-term results. The positive roles of sex appeal in advertising: One might ask ‘why do advertisers promote sex appeal? ’ The answer in its purest form is thatit works well in most cases and according to Bumler (1999), most advertising executives usesex appeal as the most powerful weapon in their arsenal and therefore they use graphic images to get and hold on to audiences’ attention. From a marketing perspective, sexual appeal maybe advantageous for the simple reason that they prey on basic biological instincts and thus, an incredible motivational factor, which is a desirable attribute to break through clutter. Advertisements that attract attention have the increased likelihood to affect persuasion,especially in a saturated media environment typified by passive viewing exposure. Numerous research studies have revealed that sexual appeal, when used in advertising are attention grabbing, likeable, arousing, effect inducing, memorable, and somewhat more apt to increase interest in the topic advertised in comparison to non-sexual appeal. Sex appeal serves several crucial roles in advertising. Firstly,sexual material in advertising acts as an initial attention lure to the ad, which is referred to asthe stopping power of sex . Attention is a necessary condition for learning, attitudinal change and behavioral effects. A second function of sexual stimuli in advertising is to enhance message recall as sex is arousing, easy to relate, emotion inducing, and most of all, memorable. Finally, the third role of sexual content in advertising is to evoke emotional responses, such as feelings of arousal, excitement, or even lust, which in turn can create stimulation and desire for the product (Bumler 1999). This role may affect the consumer’s mood and can result in favourable cognitiveprocessing of the ad and increase the persuasion impact. Sex appeal in advertising is also effective ineliciting fantasy or expressing the imaginative fulfillment of motives, such as sexual gratification. Latour, Pitts, and Snook-Luther (1990) have provided insight into the emotional impact ofsexual appeals, specifically the level and nature of evoked arousal and attitudes toward theadvertisement and brand. They have found a direct relationship between the positive arousalevoked by sexual appeals and evaluations of the brand. Nonetheless, whether sexual appealelicits a positive or negative reaction depends on the appropriateness to the advertisedproduct. Richmond and Hartman (1982) ascertain that sexual stimuli will enhance brand recallonly if it has an appropriate relationship with the product category and the advertisingexecution. When sex appeal is used inappropriately, such as utilizing it solely as an attentiondevice, exploiting the female body, degrading the female role or insulting propriety, weakbrand recall may occur and may in fact produce a negative attitude towards the brand. This implies that the use of sex appeal in advertising must be appropriate to the type of products eing advertised and when sex appeal is used thoughtfully and appropriately, it may produceacceptable and satisfactory results. Negative effects of sex appeal in advertising: While studies have shown that overt sexual portrayals attract attention to an advertisement, other numerous advertising research have also suggested that inappropriate and excessive use of sexual content can actually have a number of negative effects. Consistently, studies have demonstrated that sexual appeals attract attention to the ad, typically without a corresponding advantage for brand information processing. Sexual content may be eye-catching and entertaining, but it may not be communicative and might distract the viewer from the message. When sexual stimulus is used in advertising, viewers’ perceptual and processing resources are directed toward the sexual information in the ad rather than toward the brand. The use of explicit sexual messages in advertisements may interfere with consumers’ processing of message arguments and brand information, which in turn may reduce message comprehension. Furthermore, initial devices such a sexual stimuli overwhelm the message, and are negatively correlated to both recall and persuasion. Finally, there has been evidence to suggest that overt sexual appeals may have detrimental effects on attitudes toward the ad and brand, and therefore may reduce purchase intention . These findings led MacInnis, Moorman, and Jaworski to advance the proposition that hedonic appeals, such as sexual stimuli, increase motivation to process the ad execution, but largely at the expense of the brand. All of these threaten to act as potential hazards of using sex appeals. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) provides a framework to understand the role of sexual appeals in persuasion (Shimp 2003). According to ELM, persuasion can occur along a continuum of elaboration. Persuasion resulting from extensive issue-relevant thinking isreferred to as central route processing, whereby receivers engage in vigilant examination ofmessage information. As receivers’ motivation, opportunity, and ability decrease, receiversare less likely to engage in systematic elaboration and are consequently more likely to rely onperipheral cues to guide their decision-making. Evidence suggests that this process occurs in response to sexual appeals in advertising (Severn, Belch & Belch 1990). It appears that numerous advertising utilizing sex appeal seems to get attention but do little for the advertised product. For instance, Judd and Alexander (1983) found that ads withdecorative female models increase memory for the image in the ad with no difference in actually reading the information of the ad. In particular, nudity and erotic content was found to increase attention to the ad, but not necessarily enhance recall or positive attitudes toward a brand. As a result, sexual appeals stimulate less argument elaboration and connecting thoughts than will non-sexual appeal. Additional evidence also suggests that, as the level of nudity and erotism increase, the intended communication effects either become negative or dissipate. Therefore, despite the persuasiveness of sexual appeals when used in advertisements, it is likely to be the result of peripheral processes and as a result may be transient. In addition to the aforesaid negative effects of advertising, bad uses of sex symbols in advertising may lead to unacceptable perception by audience. The widespread use of sex as an advertising technique has elicited significant consumer protest. On top of that, as clutter increases in advertising, consumers appear to be more able to physically avoid advertising and tune out . For this reason, every advertiser haspragmatic need to stand out. As marketers focus on developing messages that stand out, too many of them forget that their focus should not solely be on the executional devices, but on the core message. In order to investigate the abovementioned discrepancy with regards to the effects of sexual stimuli in advertising, we conducted a short survey on 20 subjects on their perception of ads that exploit sex appeal. The subjects, who consisted of eleven females and nine males, wereasked to browse through five different ads for 20 seconds. Two out of the five ads presented,employ sexual appeal as their core messages. The subjects were then required to answer a series of questions about the attractiveness of the ads and were then asked to recall the brand names. The survey questions, results, and advertisement stimuli are provided in Appendix 1. It was found that one of the ads utilizing sexual appeal (Ad 2) was rated as most appealing by the majority of subjects. Interestingly however, the other ad that displays explicit nudity (Ad) was rated as most unappealing and most subjects were unable to recall the brand name. We therefore concluded that sex appeal in advertising works well, but only if it is appropriate with the product context and within an appropriate level of explicitness.

Alcohol Consumption Should Be Banned. Agree or Disagree

Alcohol consumption should be banned. Argue for or against the statement. Alcohol is one of the most widely used and abused drugs in the world. It is a legal drug that can be found just about anywhere, restaurants, liquor stores and even in some supermarkets. It is a drug that is used by many, some just to relax, others to party with the intention of getting drunk and those that are addicted and who abuse the drug like no other. Alcohol causes several problems and injures the lives of many, it is the fifth most dangerous drug in the world being higher than LSD and ecstasy, yet it is a drug that society allows to be used everyday. Alcohol is a drug, which is classified as a depressant. This means that after being consumed it slows†¦show more content†¦(http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/alcohol/international-statistics.html). Statistics show that alcohol appears to be a very negative drug. Taken on a worldwide scale alcohol causes more deaths than any illegal drug. But this is not to say that all alcohol consumption is bad. Statistics have shown that wine, in moderation, is actually healthy for a person. Red wine has been proven to actually help the heart and lessen the risk of heart disease. Studies shown have indicated that red wine contains antioxidants, which actually help prevent heart disease by increasing levels of ‘good’ cholesterol and protecting the heart against artery damage. Although this has been seen, doctors still do not encourage people to start drinking as all alcohol can, in the long term effect, cause problems towards health. Red wine contains a chemical known as resveratrol, which helps prevent damage to blood vessels, reduces ‘bad’ cholesterol and prevents blood clots. (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/red-wine/HB00089). Many people have shown that they also enjoy alcohol and that those who drink in moderation cause no actual harm to themselves or the others around them. The problem is that alcohol is very addictive. 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The Nursing Process - 2192 Words

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) highlight that the care of patients must be a priority and to treat them as individuals. In order to achieve this nurses must use a systematic technique known as the nursing process when planning and delivering care. It originated in the USA and was introduced the UK in the 1970s in an attempt to move nursing away from traditional and task oriented care, to more evidence based and holistic approach to care (Castledine, 2011). It was clearly defined in 1967 when Yura and Walsh published a book called The Nursing Process, which identified 4 strategic stages that nursing care, should follow (Roper at al 2000). These are assessment; planning: intervention and evaluation, each of these stages will†¦show more content†¦Goal setting should be participative or mutual with the patient, as this is more likely to motivate the client to set higher goals, as well as achieve them (Kraus, 2006). 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Assingment2 Essay - 910 Words

ITC 6000 Class 2 † Assignment 1. List at least four advantages of indexing. Mention some indexing tips that would be of particular help to a database designer. Also, discuss indexing practices that can adversely affect the performance of a database. In your discussion, include information on how a designer should decide on how many indexes to provide per table. Indexes are used to boost performance in a database. Finding an individual record or set of records most efficiently done by Index. Index key is the reference point where an index is an ordered arrangement of keys and pointers. Each key is appointed to the location of the data recognized by the key. For example: when we print out at the NEU library we have given our User ID so†¦show more content†¦Not updated: Look for information that is not subject to change when identifying primary keys. ID numbers instead for Names. Required: If the key is defined within a table, it will never have a null value. Information cant referenced without a Primary key. Value is required by the software. Combination Keys: A primary key can be made from a single field or combination of several fields. It could be made from a combination of student ID number and the time computer use started in a database. For an example: Computer user logs. Identifying foreign keys: Every dependent and category entity in the design must have a foreign key for each relationship in which it participates. Foreign keys are formed in dependent and sub type entities by migrating the entire primary key from the parent or generic entity. If the primary key is composite, it may not be split. Foreign key attributes are not considered to be owned by the entities that they migrate, because they are reflections of attributes in the parent entity. Each attribute in an entity is either owned by that entity or belongs to a foreign key in that entity. 3. Describe at least two examples of common errors in entity relationship modeling. If possible, provide a graphical illustration of the problems and solutions. List some questions the designer should consider before designing the models so that these errors can be avoided. Incomplete data model type. This

Technology Globalization Or Effects Policy-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Technology Globalization Or Effects Policy? Answer: Introducation International trade has been constantly evolving and ultimately results in ambiguity of the future technology and globalization or effects of policy. Additionally, the environment appears to be evolving regularly particularly the landscape in Australia and New Zealand. The interaction is considered to be highly overvalued from the constant and revolutionary effect of the internet in the overseas nations for ascertaining the future rate of economic growth. The substance associated with the same can be explained further in accordance with the competence of the specific data and summarization on the future trends. The evolving trend in the taste and preference of the consumers has not only broken the territorial barriers but has also enhanced the international trade (Siegel, 2016). Furthermore, the megatrends have highlighted the technological aspects with evolving demands followed by policy and modernization have summarized the effect on the yearly growth rate that accompanies the international increase in the percentage change over the years ranging from 1980-2015(Chart 2, pg 11). According to this quantities data, the GDP of Australia has been derived from the World Bank data in 2016 and the scale interval ranges from the lower than 10% to around 25% of export as GDP (Lee Peters, 2015). The data derived is in accordance with the percentage increase through a time series graph transacting with changes in export of international GDP. The data from the chart 2 is generated from the variable export ranging from 1960 to 2015. The data represents quantitative in nature having ration scale. The line graph in the data illustrates the number of percentage irrespective of the probabilities. The data can be improved through proper annexure of changes that could have been highlighted arising from the changes with the help of average mean by making use of standard deviation of GDP growth. The description can be followed with the help of actual data derived from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for Australia stating the top 5 exporters in the interval of 5 years beginning from 1995 (Black, 2016). Ever since the year 1990 Japan has one of the better export market after China. Therefore, it can be predicted that in the later part of years Japan and China would have strong grip on the market. The study can be experimented and subjected to change in terms of the different factors that create an influence in the markets. The data chart 3 is generated from the from Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for Australia from 1995-2015. The data presented is categorical with no probabilities under the nominal scale. Subsequently, the exports are required to be figured due to the rise in the global demand of primary products from the Chinese markets (Rhodes, 2015). The data from the Australian and New Zealand has been undertaken from the Australian Bureau of Statistics from June 2016 which represents the scale in accordance with the value amongst the goods and services. The Australian exports have been illustrated with the help of more goods (75%) however the composition of GDP have represented a constant growth with more percentage of contribution from the services (77%) and the identical composition going to with New Zealand together with the export of NZ $70.9 billion. The doughnut chart states that the populations with the help of subset of export the composition of GDP (Keller, 2016). The future of the trade forms the vital aspect of the lower process in order to have a better composition among the products than services. According to the analysis of the OECD it has been found that an increa se of 10% in trade in the areas of both exports and imports as the proportion of GDP is linked with a 4% increase in the output per working age person. The data chart 5 is derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2016 till the year 2015 for the Internet Service provider. The data is quantitative having ration scale depicting the growth in line chart. In addition to this, the usage of internet in Australia has been constantly rising from the year 2011 until the present date. The data sources obtained from the Bureau of Statistics in the areas of Internet Service Provider Survey with the help of Deloittes computation and the data has the scale of ratio (Jaggia et al., 2016). According to the description of the data the sum of data downloads have been regularly increasing in New Zealand as compare to Australia that has been below 100,000 Tb over the five year span. However, in the present case a probability or of the possibility there are chances of increasing the volume that could have resulted in certainty based on the decisions made. The data for the chart 11 has been derived from article of The evolution of New Zealands trade flows by Zang (2009). The drivers are additionally represented with the help of different factors that have resulted in change over the period of five years particularly in the areas of service based industries reflecting that the digital trends and technology makes into the top charts (Jacobs Chase, 2013). The stacked bar charts have depicted the percentage of the ratio scale measurement in compliance with the survey result collected from the Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand in 2016. The statistical results have been computed by using the frequency distribution with the help of cumulative percentage which can be further illustrated with the help of median and Ogive curve. From the data description it is found that there are more changes in technology, changing taste and preferences and government policy (Anderson et al., 2014). In addition to this, the agricultural sectors and forestry have less than 50% coverage by all the three drivers with more than 70% have been observed from informat ion, media and communication. The data is derived from the chart 12 (Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, 2016). There are large number of drivers of change that demonstrate the with the help of broadly 4 drivers technology stating change in the consumer preference, policies and others. The data is ordinal in nature with percentage of probabilities for each of the change. On arriving at the conclusion it can be stated that both Australia and New Zealand has a robust but efficient position of growing their exports with the help of globalization, policy and changing trends in accordance with the summarized data. Moreover, the statistical tools that might have further benefitted the results are from the experimental group and the usage or normal distribution with probability that additionally reflects the deviation in the responses. The survey obtained acted in the form of key sources of data derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Other sources with latest data in 2016 with statistical inference of quartiles should have been justified on the export of data in order to obtain more clarity in changes. The trends can be guided with the help of identical series of data for appropriate investigations on the changing trends. Reference list: Anderson, D., Sweeney, D., Williams, T. (2014).Modern business statistics with Microsoft Excel. Nelson Education. Black, K. (2016).Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making: For Contemporary Decision Making. Wiley Global Education. Jacobs, R., Chase, R. (2013).Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Jaggia, S., Kelly, A., Beg, A. B. M., Leighton, C., Olaru, D., Salzman, S., Sriananthakumar, S. (2016).Essentials of business statistics: communicating with numbers. McGraw-Hill Education. Keller, G. (2016).Modern Business Statistics. Cengage Learnig. Lee, N., Peters, M. (2015).Business statistics using EXCEL and SPSS. Sage. Rhodes, C. (2015). Business statistics.Economic policy and statistics. Siegel, A. (2016).Practical business statistics. Academic Press.

Management Perspectives Sonic Health Care -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Perspectives Sonic Health Care? Answer: Introduction Managers play a key role in the day-to-today management of diverse activities within an organization in an endeavor to ensure that specific predetermined objectives are attained in a timely fashion. Based on Sonic Health Care Limited, a successful health care provision company, the roles of a manager are critically analyzed in this paper.Risks can be identified and therefore,an organisation should allocate necessary resources to gain a competitive advantage (Kot Dragon, 2015). Financial and market risks arise when planning to invest. Therefore, the challenge here is predicting the potential of the venture before allocating a budget. The manager has a role in employing appropriate staff within or outsourcing experts to identify profitable opportunities and identify possible risks. With respect to operational risks, the manager should insist on organizing systems and procedures in production. As a result, it affects the reputation of the company since customer satisfaction depends on t he quality of products. Scholars in management define risk assessment as an integral process which delves in identifying, analysing, evaluating, monitoring and communicating on risky activities and therefore, enhancing the management to minimize possible losses but maximize profits; the process requires the manager to identify and mitigate risks. Roles of the manager Planning is a crucial role in an organization and involves establishing goals and objectives, as well as the actions that are crucial in attaining such goals. However, Greenley, Hooley and Saunders (2012) observe planning as the function of establishing goals of an organization and identifying resources that are essential in enabling an organization to attain such goals. At Sonic Health Care Limited, the overall manager is responsible for establishing goals for the company such as the level of sales that need to be met in a specific period like one month. In this respect, the manager would need to align resources and actions that satisfy such goals, for instance, deploying human and financial resources in the marketing department to carry out various marketing activities effectively so as to meet the required level of publicity for the health care organization. Organizing Organizing is an integral part of management due to its significant impact in controlling the entire structure of a firm. According to Cho and Mun (2013), organizing denotes the development of the organizational structure as well as the chain of authority in an organization. An example includes assigning specific tasks to certain workers who are considered to be equipped with specified set of skills. For instance, at Sonic Health Care Limited, organizing is carried out by ensuring that employees with procurement skills are assigned the task of procuring various materials that are used in health care. On the other hand, employees with financial and accounting skills are assigned the task of preparing financial statements for internal and external use. Staffing Staffing is an essential part of management; it majorly involves hiring the right employees for specific job positions, developing such employees through various development programs, as well as evaluating their performances and promoting them (Rothaermel, 2013). The research by Vecchiato (2012) indicates that staffing function is crucial since it determines the ability of an organization to meet diverse predetermined objectives. The management at Sonic Health Care Limited ensures that staffing is conducted effectively by hiring candidates with skills set and experiences that are aligned with the short-term and long-term goals of an organization. For instance, the company ensures that employees are hired via online recruitment platforms, which enable the company to obtain the best global talents. Furthermore, the company provides various training programs aimed at improving the skills of workers; this has enabled the company to maintain a competitive edge in the health care sector. Coordinating The function of coordination ensures that the other three functions, including planning, organizing in addition to staffing functionintegrate in harmonious manner so as to achieve the goals of an organization. Pearce and Robinson (2015) opine that coordination is linked to communicating, supervising and directing by a manager in order to ensure that all units of an organization are aligned with the objectives of an organization. Sonic Health Care Limited management coordinate all activities within the company by ensuring that various departments, such as account and finance department and procurement department operate in a harmonious manner. For instance, the goal of meeting specific service delivery targets is ensured by guaranteeing that the efforts of marketing activities are aligned with such a target. Controlling Controlling involves the establishment of the performance standards and evaluating whether the performance of employees meet the specified standards. Goodman and Dingli (2013) opine that controlling is crucial in making sure that a firm does not deviate from its short-term and long-term goals. In case of a deviation, a manager is required to respond in a timely manner by addressing the misalignment between the performance of employees and the established standards. The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedis effective in controlling the activities of the organization; for instance, the management evaluates on a consistent basis the quality of the care provision, and tends to address quality problems on time in case they emerge. Challenges And Risks Managers at Sonic Health Care Limited Have to Address The current world is associated with diverse technological changes, which force organizations to adopt various technologies so as to stay competitive in the market despite being turned down by employees (White, 2013). While technologies enable firms to produce high quality products and services within a shorter period, employees perceive such technologies as a risk to their employment; this is because most of them do not have the technological skills required. There is a need for the managementat any organizationto create an environment that allows the adoption of the required technological changes while also ensuring the job of employees are not threatened. The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedensures that personnel are equipped with specific technological skills, which enable them to operate effectively new technological equipment for the benefit of the company; for instance, the human resource department at Sonic Health Care Limited has been equipped with new skills on how t o conduct online recruitment process. Organizational Conflict Conflict among employees of the same or different levels is one of the problems that impact negatively on the performance of organizations. The interpersonal conflict may arise between employees in the same or different levels of management. On the other hand, inter-group conflict may arise between two different groups. The conflicts may occur in a situation where two or more different persons or groups differ on specific goals or approaches of achieving such goals. It is critical for the management to address the conflict of interest that occurs between the employees and owners of the firm through specific strategies, such as fair compensation and development programs (Rothaermel, 2013). The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedresolves inter-group and personal conflict based on diverse strategies, suchlike fair appraisal for promotional purposes, as well as fair compensation of employees at different levels. Limited Financial Resources The financial resources that are available to an organization are limited despite such an organization having an effective plan on how to attain its pragmatic goals. Cho and Mun (2013) are of the opinion that financial resources are crucial for an organization to achieve its objectives. As such, managers are coerced to look for other sources of finance in case of limited financial resources. The management at Sonic Health Care Limitedis also faced with restricted finances as far as achieving its objectives is concerned. In this regard, the management opts to source capital from other sources, including offering bonds to the market. There are other challenges that are faced by managers in the day-to-day management of an organization, including the changing needs of consumers as well as the ever-changing demand of employees, including a flexible-working environment. The changes in the needs of consumers in the market implies that an organization should respond to such changes, which may lead to disruption of the current planning, and therefore, changes in financial requirements and timelines (Vecchiato, 2012). Sonic Health Care Limitedsenior managers continue to respond to these changes in the ever-changing health care industry in a pragmatic manner. Impact of Values, Ethics and Diversity on the Culture of Sonic Health Care Limited Values act as a guideline in the shaping of the organizational culture through shaping the intent and sense of leadership in the organization. Members of an organization focus their priorities and actions on the values they hold while in the organization (Eccles, Ioannou and Serafeim, 2012). Organizational values must contain distich characteristics that are realistic, unique and clear. Ethics play a critical role in the success of an organization as it affects important cultural aspects of the organization such as employee turnover rate. Furthermore, ethics promote transparency in an organization which in turn build a relationship of trust among the members (Schaubroeck et al., 2012). Transparency in organization nurtures the development of a high productivity culture among the employees contributing to the overall organizational performance. High productivity culture in industries such as healthcare systems can prove beneficial to the development of a good reputation among all stakeholders. Diversity describes the differences that exist among members of an organization such as origin, background, and beliefs. Organizations with a high cultural diversity benefit through increased adaptability amongst the workforce as they can provide solutions to the challenges facing each one of them. These solutions result from the experiences they have undergone or the talents they possess in turn, leading to adaptation to fluctuations in the market and customer preferences. Diversity also promotes the development of a creative culture whereby the employees are free to share their different point of views leading to the generation of ideas (Chen, Liu and Portnoy, 2012). A creative culture is hence, vital for an organization to meet the needs of its market. Role, Behavior and Performance of Managers Managers are central to the survival of an organization because they are directly in charge of making decisions affecting the entire organization. The managers have to specialize to handle specific roles among these: Organizing, planning, directing, controlling, coordinating and staffing (Kirchner et al., 2012). However, in the case of Sonic Health Care Limited, the responsibility of overseeing these roles is left to the head of the company. Managerial Role in Risk Assessment The efficiency in decision-making varies widely with the level of experience of the manager and availability of resources(Antonaciet al., 2014). Risk assessment adopted by Sonic Health Care Limited, provides the company with the necessary tool in forming a foundation for mitigating possible risks in the future. Therefore,a manager should adopt a wide scope in risk assessment before implementing the activities. Approach to Risk Management at Sonic Health Care Limited A manager should be able to differentiate between risks and hazards before implementing risk control policies. Although some people apply these terms interchangeably, they have a vast difference. Firstly, risk involves a possibility while a hazard is a condition. In order to manage a risk.Sonic Health Care Limited adopts three main steps that are identification, assessment, and control which might be applied to control possible harm from an existing hazard. For example, a broken machine is a hazard that can cause harm to the employees, and the manager should follow the appropriate risk management procedures to mitigate possible risk. Challenges that Sonic Health Care Limited face in Risk Management Risk management requires exceptional interpersonal skills, analytical ability, and intensive planning to mitigate the occurrence of a loss (Tudor, 2014). The managers at Sonic Health Care Limited in some instances have to review some processes to gather the information from the employees. In such a situation the manager is required to apply ethics in conducting interviews or presenting questionnaires to the employees. Risk Management and Organizational Change Organizational changes involve variations in the internal and external environment of a company (Tudor, 2014). Internally, a company might be subjected to merger and acquisition which might result in the increased size of the organization. As a result, the role of the manager on risk management changes relatively. The change might lead to introduction into new financial, market and cultural changes. The manager should, therefore, formulate and enhance strategies that facilitate achievement of the organizational goals and objectives (Dagnino, Cinici, 2015).If such happens to Sonic Health Care Limited, the approach will include training employees and conduct motivational programs to improve performance. External factors are beyond the control such as economic crises, political influences, and technological changes. However, the management of Sonic Health Care Limitedshould employ effective planning to remain competitive in the changing care delivery environment. The technological advancement has a raised concern to broaden the responsibilities of the management (Bressler, 2012). As a result, high competition is, therefore, determining the existence or termination of companies. Most organization if not all in the current corporate world are prone to: Financial risks Market risks Operational risks Negative reputation risk Conclusion Managers are in charge of setting the performance metrics which the whole organization is required to adhere to. Such a role is tasked with setting performance goals, implementing them and evaluating their impact to the organization. Evaluation is important in not only gauging the success of the set policies but also provide room for making corrective measures where there are deviations. The conduct of the management has an indirect effect on the overall conduct of the whole organization. Managers are required to behave in a manner that portrays a good impression to the employees. Behavior has a bigger impact to the whole organization as it forms part and parcel of the organizational values. 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